Dioscorea Balakrishnanii
The Western Ghats region of Kerala has yielded a new edible tuber species named Dioscorea balakrishnanii. Found in Wayanad’s evergreen shola forests, this yam is locally known as “chola kizhangu” by the Kattunayikar tribes. The species holds promise for food security due to its low glycemic index and excellent flavour.
Scientific Description
Dioscorea balakrishnanii was scientifically described after a decade of observation, noting distinct male and female flowers. It had not been documented before despite its local use.
Significance
This yam grows exclusively in the shola forests, a unique ecosystem in the Western Ghats. The Wayanad region is rich in wild yam diversity, with over 23 varieties across 14 species. These yams are vital to indigenous diets and traditional knowledge, especially among the Kattunayikar tribal community.
Naming and Recognition
The species is named after Dr V. Balakrishnan, Deputy Superintendent of Police and environmentalist, who pioneered biodiversity research in Wayanad. His work includes documenting edible plants and assisting in biodiversity legislation like the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act, 2001. This is the second species named in his honour, denoting his contributions.
Potential for Food Security
Dioscorea balakrishnanii offers potential as a cultivated food crop due to its nutritional qualities and low glycemic index. It could diversify tuber crops and support sustainable agriculture in the region. Its flavour and edibility make it attractive for local and wider consumption.
Implications for Biodiversity Conservation
The discovery puts stress on the rich yet underexplored biodiversity of the Western Ghats. It marks the importance of conserving wild relatives of cultivated plants for ecological balance and food resilience. The ongoing research supports ecosystem preservation and the safeguarding of indigenous knowledge.
Role of Tribal Knowledge
The Kattunayikar tribes have long used chola kizhangu as a food source. Their knowledge was crucial for identifying the species. Preserving tribal languages and traditions is essential for protecting such biodiversity and sustainable use of natural resources.
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