1. Which of the following organizations have revoked Russia’s ‘most favoured nation’ status?
- NATO
- G7
- European Union
- G20
Select the correct option using the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 1, 2 & 3
[C] Only 1, 2 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
The G7, European Union, and NATO have announced the revocation of Russia’s Most Favoured Nation (MFN) trade status in response to its actions in Ukraine. The G20 as a group has not collectively taken this step. The United States and Japan individually have also enacted similar measures. Thus, only 1, 2, and 3 are correct.
2. With respect to Sri Lanka, consider the following constitutional amendments:
- 19th – dilutes many powers of Executive Presidency.
- 20th – gave electoral rights to dual citizens.
- 21st – reducing the Presidency to a ceremonial position.
Which of the amendments given above are correct?
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]
Notes:- 19th Amendment in April 2015 was rushed by the then Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe. It had removed the powers of the President to sack the Prime Minister at his discretion.
- By amending the Articles 46 (2) and 48 of the Sri Lankan constitution, the cabinet ministers could have been dismissed only if the Prime Minister ceased to hold office by death, resignation or otherwise, or only if the Parliament reject a statement of government policy or the budget or if the parliament passes a vote of no confidence against the Government. The amendment also restricted the President’s powers to dismiss Cabinet ministers as he was required to act on the advice of the Prime Minister.
- The 20th amendment (20A) replaced the 19th Amendment (19A), had again enhanced the executive powers of the President in an unprecedented way besides abolishing the independent constitutional council for a Parliamentary Council. It gave electoral rights to dual citizens.
- The proposed amendment (21st) reduces several key powers of the President, essentially reducing the Presidency to a ceremonial position, like in India.
3. Which of the following provisions are enlisted in the revised e-commerce rules?
- It prohibits back-to-back flash sales.
- It requires all e-commerce entities to appoint grievance officer, chief compliance officer.
- The marketplace will be subjected to a fallback liability in case of non-delivery of goods and services.
- A filter mechanism at a pre-purchase stage to identify goods based on country of origin.
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Only 1, 2 & 3
[B] Only 2, 3 & 4
[C] Only 1, 2 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2, 3 & 4]
Notes:- The Draft Rules expand the definition of an e-commerce entity to include two new categories—Entities engaged by an e-commerce entity for the fulfilment of orders, and related parties (as defined under the Companies Act, 2013) of an e-commerce entity. None of an e-commerce entity’s related parties can be enlisted as a seller for sale to consumers directly.
- E-commerce entities offering imported goods/ services to ‘incorporate a filter mechanism at a pre-purchase stage to identify goods based on country of origin. Every time, they have to offer local alternatives to ensure a fair opportunity to domestic goods.
- In case of non-delivery of goods or services by a seller on a marketplace platform, which causes loss to the consumer, the marketplace will be subject to a fallback liability.
- An e-commerce entity is not allowed to abuse its dominant position in any market.
- All e-commerce entities are required to appoint, Grievance Officer, Nodal person for coordination with law enforcement agencies, Chief Compliance Officer for ensuring compliance with the Consumer Protection Act and Rules.
- The Draft Rules prohibit specific/ back-to-back flash sales.
- An e-commerce entity should not allow misleading advertisements on its platform.
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