Current Affairs [Prelims] Lexicon – August, 2024
Polity & Governance
2015 Amendments to Indian Arbitration Law
The 2015 amendments to the Indian Arbitration and Conciliation Act were landmark reforms designed to streamline arbitration proceedings and reduce judicial interference. Key changes included strict timelines for arbitral awards, limited grounds for court intervention, and provisions to promote India as an international arbitration hub. These amendments improved India’s Ease of Doing Business ranking and attracted foreign investment. However, subsequent amendments in 2018, 2019, and 2021 introduced complexities and weakened some reforms. The 2015 amendments remain the most overhaul of arbitration law in India’s history, aimed at expediting dispute resolution and enhancing arbitration quality.
Why in news?
The 2024 government memorandum reversing reliance on arbitration contrasts with the 2015 amendments’ objectives, signaling a policy shift away from arbitration in public sector contracts.
2023 Digital Personal Data Protection Act (2023 Act)
The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, is India’s latest legislation regulating the processing of personal data. It replaces earlier drafts by simplifying data protection rights, including a right to erasure allowing individuals to restrict or cease disclosure of their personal data by data fiduciaries. The Act’s scope excludes data made publicly available by persons legally obligated to disclose it, such as court records. The legislation does not explicitly recognize the right to be forgotten, leading to legal uncertainty about its application to judicial data. The Act emphasizes balancing privacy rights with public interest and freedom of information.
Why in news?
The 2023 Act is central to debates on whether court records qualify as personal data subject to erasure, influencing the Supreme Court’s deliberations on privacy and public access to judicial orders.
54th GST Council Meeting
The 54th GST Council Meeting is scheduled for September 9, 2024, and is a forum where state and central government finance ministers discuss Goods and Services Tax-related issues. The council was formed under the Article 279A of the Constitution of India and meets regularly to make decisions on tax rates, exemptions, and procedural changes. It operates under the chairmanship of the Union Finance Minister. The council’s decisions require a three-fourths majority, including at least half of the states representing at least 50% of the population. The 54th meeting will revisit the issue of GST on digital news subscriptions.
Why in news?
The 54th GST Council meeting will reconsider the proposal to reduce or exempt GST on digital news subscriptions, a topic previously discussed but not approved in the 50th meeting.
Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB)
The Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) is an Government of Indiaal agency established under the Aircraft Act of 1934. It is responsible for investigating aircraft accidents and incidents to improve aviation safety. The AAIB operates independently from regulatory and operational bodies to ensure unbiased investigations. It analyzes causes, issues safety recommendations, and works closely with international aviation organizations. The bureau’s findings help prevent future accidents and enhance operational protocols. Its budget is part of the government’s yearly allocation under the existing Aircraft Act, with no separate funding proposed in the new bill.
Why in news?
AAIB’s role is retained under the new Bharatiya Vayuyan Vidheyak 2024, which continues to empower it without creating new financial burdens on the government.
Aldermen
Aldermen are nominated members of municipal corporations, distinct from elected councillors. In Delhi’s Municipal Corporation Act, 1957, the Lieutenant Governor (L-G) can nominate 10 aldermen with expertise in municipal administration. Aldermen do not vote in full MCD meetings but participate actively in Wards Committees, which are essential for local governance. They can vote and stand for election in the MCD Standing Committee, which manages critical municipal functions like contracts over Rs. 5 crore and budget approvals. Their role is very important in ensuring the MCD’s operational continuity, especially when elected members alone cannot form the Standing Committee.
Why in news?
The Supreme Court ruled that the Delhi L-G has the power to nominate aldermen without consulting the Delhi Government, validating the January 2023 nominations and resolving a legal dispute affecting MCD functions.
Amrit Kaal
Amrit Kaal refers to the period leading up to the centenary of India’s independence in 2047 . It is a term used to signify a transformative phase aimed at national progress and development. The government and ...