Cloudburst and Flash Flood Survey in Himalayan States
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and Jammu & Kashmir State Disaster Management Authority (J&K SDMA) have launched a detailed survey to study cloudbursts and flash floods in Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, and Himachal Pradesh. This initiative aims to identify the sources and causes of these disasters using satellite mapping by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The focus is on understanding the ground conditions in the Himalayas and developing strategies to build disaster-resilient infrastructure.
Survey Objectives
The survey seeks to trace the origin of sudden water surges causing flash floods. ISRO’s satellite imagery helps monitor inaccessible Himalayan regions, including glacial lakes prone to bursting. The multi-disciplinary approach combines geological, hydrological, and climatic data to pinpoint causative factors. The goal is to propose preventive and remedial measures to reduce damage and loss of life.
Causes of Cloudbursts and Flash Floods
Cloudbursts occur when intense rainfall happens in a short time, causing rapid water accumulation. In the Himalayas, additional factors include glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) triggered by melting glaciers and micro-seismic activity. Earthquakes and ground movements fracture rock masses, allowing water to gush out with high hydraulic pressure. Climate change exacerbates these phenomena by increasing glacier melt and seismic activity.
Impact on Himalayan Regions
Recent cloudbursts in Uttarakhand and Jammu & Kashmir have caused severe damage. Villages like Dharali in Uttarakhand have been buried under slurry and debris. In Ramban and Reasi districts of J&K, cloudbursts and landslides have led to fatalities and destruction of homes. The recurring disasters show the vulnerability of settlements near Himalayan foothills.
Disaster-Resilient Infrastructure and Awareness
Experts stress the need for disaster-resilient construction such as earthquake-proof houses, bridges, and power plants. Engineering solutions similar to those in Japan, a tectonically active nation, are recommended. Additionally, local communities must be made aware of risks and safety measures. Restricting construction in highly vulnerable zones near foothills has proven effective in places like Sikkim.
Seismicity and Climate Change Link
The Himalayan region is highly seismogenic, with frequent micro-earthquakes causing rock fracturing. Climate change intensifies glacier melting, reducing ice thickness and lithospheric load. This can increase seismic activity, further destabilising the region. The combined effect of seismicity and climate change creates a multi-augmented disaster risk profile.
Future Measures
The ongoing survey aims to develop a protective plan for the region. This includes mapping vulnerable zones, monitoring glacial lakes, and improving early warning systems. Integrating scientific data with local knowledge is critical. Sustainable development and environmental conservation are emphasised to prevent destruction of flora and fauna, which can worsen disaster impacts.
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