Birth Registration Trends in Bihar and India
In recent years, birth registration in India has seen developments. Bihar, historically lagging in this area, has shown improvement. In 2022, the state registered 71% of births within the prescribed 21-day period. This is a notable increase from previous years. Nationally, the trend has been towards digitalisation and better compliance with registration laws.
Historical Context of Birth Registration in Bihar
Bihar’s registration rate was alarmingly low in the early 2000s. In 2000, only 3.7% of births were registered. This figure was starkly below the national average of 56.2%. By 2004 and 2005, the rates rose to 11.5% and 16.9% respectively. The national averages during those years were higher, at 60.4% and 62.5%.
Current Registration Requirements
The Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls in Bihar requires documentation for those born after December 2, 2004. Applicants must provide birth certificates and documents from their parents. This move aims to enhance the accuracy of electoral rolls and ensure proper identification of citizens.
Digital Birth Certificates and Legislative Changes
In 2023, the Union Home Ministry amended the Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969. This amendment mandates digital birth certificates for those born after October 1, 2023. Digitalisation is expected to streamline the registration process and improve compliance.
Challenges in Birth Registration
Despite improvements, challenges remain. The Civil Registration System (CRS) reports that nearly 10% of births are still not registered. Hospitals, both private and public, have been cautioned to report births and deaths within 21 days. Many institutions have failed to comply.
Comparison of CRS and SRS
The CRS provides actual registration numbers. In contrast, the Sample Registration System (SRS) offers estimates of fertility and mortality. The CRS data is crucial for understanding the coverage of civil registration in India. Discrepancies between estimated and registered births show ongoing issues.
Political Reactions and Criticism
The SIR has faced criticism from opposition parties. Concerns have been raised about the potential for the process to serve as a means to implement the National Register of Citizens (NRC). Political leaders have demanded transparency regarding the data on illegal migrants and the criteria used in the SIR process.
Recent Statistics on Birth Registration
In 2022, the total number of registered births across India was . Bihar was among the 14 states where 50% to 80% of births were registered within the stipulated period. This indicates a positive trend towards improved registration practices in the state.
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