Baratang Mud Volcano Erupts After Two Decades

The Baratang mud volcano in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands erupted violently on 2 October 2025. This eruption ended over twenty years of dormancy. The event was marked by a loud explosion-like sound and the emergence of mud and smoke. Authorities quickly sealed off the area to ensure public safety. The eruption has created a mound about 3-4 metres high and spread muddy soil over 1,000 square metres. The Geological department has been informed for further study.

Location and Significance of Baratang Mud Volcano

Baratang Island is part of the North and Middle Andaman district. It lies approximately 150 kilometres from Port Blair, the capital city of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The mud volcano here is unique as it is India’s only known mud volcano. It is a popular tourist attraction due to its geological rarity and natural beauty.

Nature and Formation of Mud Volcanoes

Mud volcanoes are geological formations created by the eruption of mud, water, and gases. Unlike igneous volcanoes, they do not emit molten lava. The gases, mainly methane, arise from the decomposition of organic matter deep underground. These gases force mud and water upwards, forming cone-shaped mounds or domes. Sizes vary widely, from a few metres to hundreds of metres in height and width.

Recent Activity and Precautions

The recent eruption at Baratang is the first major one since 2005. Local police and forest officials promptly responded by restricting tourist access. Safety measures include closing approach routes and informing local transport associations. Continuous monitoring is underway to assess further activity.

Volcanic Activity in Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Besides Baratang’s mud volcano, the region hosts Barren Island, India’s only active igneous volcano. Barren Island lies about 140 kilometres from Port Blair. It has erupted multiple times since 1787, with recent eruptions in 2022 and September 2025. While Baratang’s mud volcano is driven by gas from organic decay, Barren Island’s eruptions involve molten lava due to tectonic plate movements at the Indian-Burmese junction.

Geological Importance and Tourism

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands represent a unique geological zone where tectonic activity and organic processes combine. Baratang’s mud volcano offers a rare example of such phenomena on the Indian subcontinent. Its eruptions provide valuable data for geological research and attract eco-tourists interested in earth sciences and natural wonders.