Asia’s Carbon Capture Plans Threaten Climate Goals

Recent reports show growing support for carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology in Asia. This trend could add nearly 25 billion tonnes of greenhouse gases by 2050. Such an increase would undermine the Paris Agreement targets and expose regional economies to environmental and financial risks. India is set to update its carbon-reduction targets ahead of COP30 in November 2025. The future of CCS in Asia remains uncertain but critical for global climate action.

What Is Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)?

CCS is a technology that traps carbon dioxide emissions from power plants and industries. The captured CO2 is stored underground in geological formations. The goal is to prevent CO2 from entering the atmosphere and worsening climate change. However, CCS projects have often underperformed, with actual capture rates closer to 50%, far below the industry’s claimed 90-95%.

Asia’s Role in Fossil Fuel Emissions

Asia accounts for more than half of global fossil fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions. Key countries include China, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and Australia. Among these, China and India are the largest emitters. Their decisions on CCS and clean energy will heavily influence global climate outcomes.

Current CCS Deployment in Asia

Australia has the largest CCS pipeline in Asia, followed by China. India currently has minimal CCS presence but may increase use in steel and cement sectors, which are hard to decarbonise. Japan and South Korea support CCS financially and politically. Southeast Asian countries and Australia aim to become carbon storage hubs. China supports new CCS projects under its 2023 Green and Low-Carbon Technology plan.

Risks of CCS Dependence

Relying on CCS risks locking in fossil fuel use and stranded assets. CCS in power generation could double electricity costs compared to renewables with storage. This could slow the shift to cleaner energy. Overdependence on CCS may also jeopardise the Paris Agreement goal of limiting warming to 1.5°C. CCS policies in Japan, South Korea, and Australia often protect fossil fuel industries, adding economic risks.

Alternative Climate Strategies

Renewable energy expansion, electrification, and green hydrogen offer cheaper and less risky options. These methods can reduce emissions in industries like steel and cement more effectively. A deliberate low-CCS approach prioritises these technologies. It aligns better with climate goals and economic sustainability in Asia.

India’s Emerging Climate Pathway

India’s steel demand is growing at 6.3% annually from 2025 to 2030. Cement consumption in South Asia may rise over 40% by 2035. India faces pressure to balance industrial growth with emission cuts. While CCS could help in hard-to-abate sectors, India’s clean energy rise depends on scaling renewables and accessing climate finance.