Araneus nox Spider Found in India’s Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary

The 2025 monsoon survey at Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary revealed the first record of the orb-weaving spider Araneus nox in India. Previously known only from Southeast Asia, this discovery expands the known range of the species. The survey also identified rare and endemic spiders of the Western Ghats, denoting the sanctuary’s rich biodiversity.

Significance of the Discovery

Araneus nox was first described in 1877 from the Philippines. Until now, only female specimens were recorded outside India. The recent survey found both males and females in Idukki, marking a new geographical record. This finding underlines the sanctuary’s role as a habitat for rare and previously undocumented species.

Survey Details and Methodology

The arachnid survey was conducted in two phases during August and September 2025. A team from the Centre for Arachnology Research at Bharata Mata College led the effort. They recorded 82 spider species across 20 families. The survey focused on vegetation and tree branches, where Araneus nox spins its circular webs.

Western Ghats Endemic Species

Alongside Araneus nox, the survey documented three endemic spider species – Bowie cochinensis, Prosoponoides idukkiense, and Mimetus parvulus. These species are unique to the Western Ghats and are considered vulnerable or narrow-range. Their presence reinforces Idukki’s status as a biodiversity hotspot.

Ecological Implications

Recording 82 species during the monsoon indicates the sanctuary’s healthy ecosystem. The diversity of spiders reflects broader ecological stability and habitat quality. Continuous faunal monitoring is crucial for detecting changes and planning conservation strategies.

Conservation and Research Importance

This discovery marks the value of long-term taxonomic research. Systematic surveys help uncover hidden biodiversity and inform conservation policies. Protecting habitats like Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary is vital for preserving endemic and rare species.

Future Survey Plans

The sanctuary’s management plans to continue multi-species surveys, including amphibians and fish. These efforts aim to track ecological changes and support biodiversity conservation. The integrated approach will provide comprehensive data on the sanctuary’s environmental health.