Coal burning generates millions of tonnes of wastes including fly ash, bottom ash, oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur, Volatile Organic Compounds, mercury, uranium, thorium, arsenic, and other heavy metals. High sulphur...
Coal Tar is the by-product of making coke or coal gas. It’s a complex , highly viscous mixture of some 200 compounds including phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),...
Coke is nearly pure carbon that is produced after diving off the volatile constituents of the coal. Natural Coke is formed when the coal seam is intersected by...
Coal is primarily made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulphur and varying quantities of aluminium, zirconium and many other minerals. In terms of increasing carbon content, hardness, heat...
Six industries viz. Aluminum, cement, fertilizer, iron and steel, glass, and paper are energy-intensive industries. Together they consumer 40% fuel in the manufacturing sector. All of them have...
The cement making process involves a lot of pollution and has been under the criticism for environment concerns. Under the Prevention and Control of Pollution (Uniform Consent Procedure)...
White Portland cement is made from raw materials containing little or no iron or manganese, the substances that give conventional cement its gray color. So the secret of...
Limestone (CaCO3) in 3 parts, and Clay in 1part are the raw material to make cement. These are mixed, grinded and water is added to make “slurry”. This...
Portland Cement was discovered by Joseph Aspdin in 1824. He called it Portland cement because what he discovered resembled the limestone found in Portland. Historical Facts In 1904,...
