West Nile Virus Detected in UK Mosquitoes
In July 2023, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) reported the first detection of the West Nile virus (WNV) in mosquitoes in the United Kingdom. Aedes vexans mosquitoes were collected from wetlands near the River Idle in Nottinghamshire during a surveillance programme. This event marks the potential spread of mosquito-borne diseases in new regions, influenced by climate change.
About West Nile Virus
West Nile virus is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flavivirus genus. It primarily circulates between birds and mosquitoes. Humans and horses are incidental hosts, meaning they do not play role in the virus’s transmission cycle. Most human infections are asymptomatic. However, approximately 20% of those infected may exhibit flu-like symptoms.
Symptoms and Severity
While most cases remain mild, severe outcomes can occur. In rare instances, WNV can lead to neurological conditions such as encephalitis and meningitis. These complications are more common in older adults and individuals with weakened immune systems. Awareness of these symptoms is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment.
Current Risk Assessment
The UKHSA currently assesses the risk to the general public as very low. There is no evidence of the virus circulating in local bird or mosquito populations beyond the detected samples. However, health authorities are enhancing surveillance and advising healthcare professionals to consider WNV in cases of unexplained neurological symptoms.
Comparative Analysis with Dengue
WNV is often compared with other mosquito-borne diseases like dengue fever. While both are flaviviruses, they differ in symptoms and severity. Dengue typically presents with high fever, severe headache, and joint pain. In contrast, WNV may result in flu-like symptoms or neurological complications.
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