Uttarakhand Launches Endangered Plant Conservation Program
Uttarakhand, a Himalayan biodiversity hotspot with 69% forest cover, has initiated a pioneering programme to revive 14 critically endangered plant species. This effort, led by the Uttarakhand Forest Department’s Research Wing, aims to reintroduce rare flora to their natural habitats after four years of scientific cultivation and habitat mapping. The project began in July 2025, coinciding with the monsoon, and is expected to complete its first phase by the end of that month.
Significance of Uttarakhand’s Floral Diversity
Uttarakhand hosts diverse ecosystems from alpine meadows to Terai plains. It is home to many rare, endemic, and threatened plants with ecological, medicinal, and cultural value. These species face threats from overharvesting, habitat loss, climate change, and low natural regeneration. The state’s rich plant heritage is vital for ecosystem balance and traditional medicine.
Selection of Endangered Plant Species
The programme targets 14 species listed as critically endangered, endangered, or vulnerable by the IUCN Red List and the Uttarakhand State Biodiversity Board. Notable species include Himalayan Gentian, White Himalayan Lily, Indian Spikenard, Doon Cheese Wood, and Kumaon Fan Palm. Many are prized for medicinal uses, which has led to their overexploitation and drastic population decline.
Scientific Propagation and Habitat Mapping
Propagation techniques were developed at high-altitude nurseries across Uttarakhand, using seeds, bulbs, rhizomes, or stem cuttings. Species-specific methods ensure healthy growth. Simultaneously, historical natural habitats were mapped using primary and secondary data. These sites span various altitudes and ecosystems, including alpine and deciduous forests.
Reintroduction Process and Site Preparation
Before replanting, habitats were prepared by mitigating threats such as grazing, deforestation, and human disturbance. GPS coordinates were recorded for monitoring. Protective measures like fencing and patrols were established to safeguard the plants. The first planting phase commenced with the monsoon and will be closely monitored for survival and growth.
Ecological and Medicinal Importance of Selected Plants
Each species plays a distinct ecological role and holds medicinal significance. For example, Himalayan Gentian treats liver and fever ailments, White Himalayan Lily is used in Chyavanprash, and Indian Spikenard produces aromatic oils for traditional medicine. Their restoration supports biodiversity and sustainable medicinal resource use.
Challenges and Institutional Commitment
Restoring endangered plants involves overcoming poor germination, habitat degradation, and external pressures like infrastructure expansion. The Uttarakhand Forest Department’s research centres and field teams have been crucial in addressing these challenges. Continuous monitoring and scientific management underpin the programme’s commitment to long-term success.
Potential National Impact
This is India’s first systematic plant reintroduction programme. It sets a precedent for other states to prioritise plant conservation alongside wildlife efforts. The initiative marks the need for protecting medicinal plants and fragile ecosystems, offering a replicable model for biodiversity preservation nationwide.
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