US Withdraws From UNESCO
The United States has once again announced its withdrawal from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). This decision marks shift away from multilateral engagement under the current administration. The move reflects longstanding US concerns over UNESCO’s policies and perceived geopolitical biases, particularly regarding China and Palestine.
Background of US-UNESCO Relations
The US first left UNESCO in 1984, citing mismanagement and anti-American bias. It rejoined in 2003 after reforms. In 2017, under President Donald Trump, the US withdrew again, accusing UNESCO of bias against Israel and undue influence by China. President Joe Biden reversed this decision in 2021, aiming to counter China’s growing role. The 2025 withdrawal marks a return to Trump-era disengagement.
Reasons for Withdrawal
US officials criticised UNESCO’s support for diversity, equity, and inclusion policies, describing them as divisive. The agency’s designation of certain Jewish holy sites as Palestinian World Heritage was seen as politicising cultural heritage. The US also accused UNESCO of advancing Beijing’s interests and promoting anti-Israel and anti-Jewish actions within the organisation.
China’s Expanding Influence
China has increased its presence in UNESCO, seeking to elevate its cultural and historical status globally. It aims to surpass Italy in World Heritage Site designations. Beijing uses UNESCO to project soft power, especially in contested regions like Tibet and Xinjiang. Chinese companies collaborate with UNESCO on education and artificial intelligence initiatives in Asia and Africa. A Chinese official now holds the deputy director general position.
Implications for Global Multilateralism
The US withdrawal weakens its influence in UNESCO and removes a key counterbalance to China’s growing sway. The US was previously the largest funder, contributing nearly 25 per cent of UNESCO’s budget. This shift may accelerate China’s dominance in cultural diplomacy and global standard-setting in education and technology. The move aligns with a broader US policy of disengagement from international institutions deemed misaligned with national interests.
Historical Context of US Disengagement
US withdrawals from UNESCO reflect broader tensions in international relations. Similar exits include the World Health Organization and funding cuts to UN agencies supporting Palestinians. These actions underline a preference for America First policies prioritising sovereignty and national interest over multilateral cooperation. Past US re-entries into UNESCO were motivated by reform efforts and strategic counterbalance to rivals.
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