With respect to water usage and storage, it is generally said that India has focussed more on supply-side management, while no emphasis is placed on demand-side management. Discuss while suggesting way forward.

Water is the very basic need of people. It is necessary that water is provided to by laying stress on creating large-scale rainwater storage facilities, efficient allocation of the valuable resource to states and involvement of the local people in ..

The law should incorporate pollute and Pay" principle imposing heavy fines on violaters Instead of ruthlessly closing the polluting units." Discuss critically.

‘Polluters pays’ principle is a practice in which those who pollute environment should pay for environmental damage. It is a set of broader principles to guide sustainable development. NITI Aayog in its three-year action agenda suggested for legislative changes increasing ..

Major cities of India are becoming vulnerable to flood conditions. Discuss.

Popular Indian cities like Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai, Kozhikode abruptly face water-logging situations every year. It affects normal lifestyle, life loss, and infrastructure damage. The nature of Urban flooding is totally different from rural flooding. It causes more damage due to ..

Elucidate the major threats faced by river ecosystems in India while highlighting the link between deforestation in catchment areas and its harms to rivers.

Rivers play a prominent role in the water cycle as they act as drainage channels for surface water. Due to increasing population, water demand is increasing day by day making already insufficient water scarcer. Since groundwater has its limits, rivers ..

To what extent, the lopsided procurement system in the country is responsible for the groundwater crisis looming large in recent times? Explain.

Ground water crisis is a severe concern for our country. Erratic rainfall of monsoons, intensive use of ground water for domestic and agricultural purpose are the factors responsible for it.   Highly variable rainfall, with the bursts of heavy rainfall ..

Urban floods are significantly different from rural flooding. Discuss while highlighting the causes of Urban Floods in India.

Flood is “an overflow of a water body over areas not usually inundated”. However Urban flood is significantly different from the rural flood. Because of developed catchments in urban areas, there is higher runoff & subsequently, a flood occurs very ..

Can artificial recharge of the ground water solve India's ground water crisis? To what extent? Discuss while enumerating various methods of artificially recharging the Ground Water.

Artificial recharge of the groundwater can solve the issue substantially but not completely because of very high rate of groundwater exploitation. This method can solve the crisis  in two types of the areas. Areas with high rainfall but the high ..

Elucidate the meaning of Ecological Sensitive Area (ESA) and Eco-sensitive Zones (ESZs) while bringing out the objectives of their demarcation.

Ecological Sensitive Areas or Ecologically Sensitive Zones refer to those areas which have been notified by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change as areas around the Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks and Protected Areas as requiring more protection due ..

The effective management of land and water resources will drastically reduce the human miseries. Explain.

Land and water resources are potentially useful to meet the essential needs of human beings. Issues: Some of the southern states of India have been continuously suffering from the mismanagement of these resources. As a result, the agricultural system, adequate ..

Enumerate the eight goals adopted under Nationally Determined Contributions. What role can be played by households and private sector in particular in realizing these goals? Discuss.

Intended Nationally Determined Contribution provides a broader outline of the post-2020 climate actions taken by the nations. As per the INDC submitted by India key priorities are : Sustainable Lifestyles – healthy & sustainable way of living on the basis ..