Supreme Court Sets DNA Evidence Handling Guidelines
The Supreme Court of India recently established comprehensive guidelines to standardise the management of DNA evidence in criminal cases. This move follows the acquittal of a death row convict in Tamil Nadu due to unreliable DNA evidence caused by procedural lapses. The court emphasised the need for uniformity and scientific rigour in collecting, preserving, and processing DNA samples to ensure justice is served accurately.
Importance of DNA Evidence in Criminal Investigations
DNA evidence links suspects to crime scenes through unique genetic markers. Samples such as blood, semen, saliva, or hair are collected and compared to reference samples from suspects or victims. A match across sufficient markers can serve as powerful proof in court. However, the strength of DNA evidence depends heavily on its proper handling and documentation.
Key Procedural Guidelines Issued by the Supreme Court
The court mandated that only trained personnel must collect biological samples using protective gear. Samples must be sealed immediately in tamper-proof containers and labelled with details like FIR number, date, legal sections, investigating officer, and police station. Documentation requires signatures from medical staff, investigators, and an independent witness. Samples should be transported to forensic labs within 48 hours, with all transfers logged meticulously.
Chain of Custody and Evidence Integrity
A chain of custody log must record every stage of sample handling and transfer. This prevents tampering and maintains evidence authenticity. Samples cannot be opened, altered, or resealed without trial court permission before proceedings begin. Proper storage conditions are essential to avoid degradation or contamination of DNA material.
Significance of Uniform Procedures Across India
The guidelines address inconsistencies in DNA evidence handling across states. Uniform protocols will reduce errors and disputes in forensic analysis and reporting. Experts show that a robust, tamper-proof process is critical to maintaining public trust in forensic science and ensuring fair trials.
Impact on Criminal Justice System
The Supreme Court’s directives aim to strengthen forensic evidence credibility. They help prevent wrongful convictions based solely on flawed DNA analysis. This development enhances the overall quality of investigations and judicial outcomes by integrating scientific precision with legal safeguards.
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