Stratospheric Aerosol Injection
The world is facing a climate crisis that demands urgent action. Fossil fuel dependence continues to rise, exacerbated by conflicts, economic challenges, and public health issues. Greenhouse gas emissions are increasing globally, prompting researchers to explore innovative technologies to cool the planet. One such technology is Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI), a method that aims to reflect sunlight away from Earth by injecting aerosols into the stratosphere. Recent studies have suggested alternative approaches to SAI that could make it more feasible despite its controversies.
About Stratospheric Aerosol Injection
Stratospheric Aerosol Injection involves adding reflective particles to the upper atmosphere. This method mimics the cooling effects of volcanic eruptions, which release aerosols that reflect sunlight. The effectiveness of SAI depends on the type of material used, the timing of injection, and the altitude at which it occurs. Higher altitude injections are generally more effective, as particles remain in the stratosphere longer.
Proposed Methods for Implementation
Recent studies have proposed using existing aircraft for SAI, particularly in polar regions where the stratosphere is closer to the ground. This approach is technically simpler and more cost-effective than developing specialised high-altitude aircraft. Researchers have simulated various strategies for injecting sulphur dioxide, finding that low-altitude injections could cool the planet .
Potential Climate Impact
Simulations indicate that injecting sulphur dioxide at an altitude of 13 km during spring and summer could reduce global temperatures by approximately 0.6º C. To achieve a 1º C reduction, 21 million tonnes of sulphur dioxide would be required annually. In contrast, injections at higher altitudes could achieve the same cooling effect with less material.
Risks and Controversies
Despite its potential benefits, SAI carries risks. These include social and geopolitical implications, as well as environmental side effects like delayed ozone recovery and acid rain. Critics argue that SAI may lead to complacency regarding greenhouse gas emissions. The technology’s global impact raises concerns about governance and fairness.
Current Research and Future Directions
Ongoing research aims to refine SAI strategies and address the limitations of current simulations. While some experts advocate for solar geoengineering research, others call for a moratorium due to the technology’s unpredictability. The debate around SAI continues, denoting the need for transparency and international cooperation in climate solutions.
| Related | |
|---|---|
