States PCS: Punjab GK Questions for PPSC Examinations

Notes:
Jassa Singh Ahluwalia commanded Sikh forces at Ram Rauni in 1748, successfully defending against a prolonged Mughal siege near Amritsar. The defense was pivotal in Sikh history, showcasing their resilience and setting the stage for later Sikh military prominence.

Notes:
Banda Singh Bahadur led Sikh forces in the 1710 Battle of Bhilowal, defeating Mughal forces under Mir Mohammad. This victory was a significant milestone in his campaign against Mughal rule in Punjab and boosted Sikh military prestige in the early 18th century.

Notes:
Dewan Mokham Chand led the Sikh army at Attock (1813), defeating the Durrani Empire and securing Attock fort for Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Hari Singh Nalwa was a cavalry leader, while Ranjit Singh was the emperor. This victory marked a key expansion for the Sikh Empire in northwestern India.

Notes:
Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, ninth Sikh Guru, was martyred in 1675 for protecting Kashmiri Pandits from forced conversion by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, earning him the title ‘Hind di Chadar’ (Shield of India). His sacrifice is commemorated in Sikh and Indian history.

Notes:
Jammu and Kashmir was sold to Gulab Singh by the British East India Company through the Treaty of Amritsar in 1846, after the First Anglo-Sikh War. Gulab Singh became the founder of the Dogra dynasty in Jammu and Kashmir.

Notes:
Khalsa Diwan, established in Amritsar in 1883, was central to Sikh revival under the Singh Sabha Movement, promoting modern education, Gurmukhi script, Punjabi language, and religious reforms among Sikhs in Punjab.

Notes:
Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew were arrested in Amritsar on 10 April 1919, triggering large protests and the Amritsar strike, which led to the tragic Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Their arrest was in protest against the Rowlatt Act’s repressive policies in Punjab.

Notes:
Flood Plain (Khadar) soils in Punjab are predominantly found along the Sutlej River, especially from Ropar to Fazilka. These soils are pale yellow-brown, deep, and well-drained, and support crops like paddy, wheat, and sugarcane. Sutlej is the main river associated with Khadar in Punjab.

Notes:
Kandi soils occur in Punjab’s Kandi belt, along the Shiwalik foothills. They are sandy loam to gravelly, low in fertility, prone to erosion, and suited for dry farming, mainly shaped by streams called “chos.” They often require careful management and are typical for this specific undulating region.

Notes:
Bathinda is the largest railway junction in Punjab, featuring extensive rail connectivity. It serves as a major node under the Northern Railway zone, linking several routes pivotal for regional transport and industry. Other notable junctions are Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Firozpur, and Amritsar.