1. With reference to the Satyagraha movements launched under leadership of Mahatma Gandhi during Freedom Struggle, consider the following:
- Kheda Satyagraha
- Champaran Satyagraha
- Individual Satyagraha
- Salt Satyagraha
Which of the following is correct chronological order of the above?
[A] 1 2 3 4
[B] 2 1 3 4
[C] 2 1 4 3
[D] 1 2 4 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [2 1 4 3 ]
Notes:
The Champaran Satyagraha, led by Gandhi in 1917, was the first Satyagraha movement in Bihar, protesting indigo cultivation and low payments. The Kheda Satyagraha in 1918 supported peasants in Gujarat. The Salt Satyagraha, or Dandi March, occurred in 1930, opposing the British salt monopoly and tax, spanning 24 days from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi. The Individual Satyagraha, launched in 1940-41, protested the August Offer, featuring Vinobha Bhave, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Brahma Dutt.
2. Identify the tribal freedom fighter from the statements given below:
- Was an ardent follower of Mahatma Gandhi.
- In 1941, helped Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose escape from house arrest and travel to Germany.
- Was awarded the Tamra Patra for invaluable contribution to the freedom struggle.
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Malati Mem
[B] Helen Lepcha
[C] Raghoji Bhangre
[D] Rendo Manhji
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Helen Lepcha]
Notes:- The Ministry of Culture has released the third Comic book on stories of 20 Tribal Freedom Fighters which are as follows:
- Tilka Majhi rebelled against the atrocities of the British East India Company. He mobilized the Pahadia tribe to which he belonged and raided the Company treasury.
- Thalakkal Chanthu of the Kurichiyar tribe.
- Budhu Bhagat of the Oraon tribe
- Tirot Singh, a Khasi chief.
- Raghoji Bhangre belonged to the Mahadeo Koli tribe.
- Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu from the Santhal community. They led the Santhal in the Hul rebellion.
- Rendo Manjhi and Chakra Bisoi of the Khond tribe
- Nilambar and Pitamber who belonged to the Bhogta clan of the Kharwar tribe.
- Ramji Gond of the Gond tribe.
- Telanga Kharia of the Kharia tribe.
- Tantiya Bhil, known as the Robin Hood of the Central Provinces.
- Major Paona Brajabashi of Manipur. He was the hero of the Anglo-Manipur war. He fought like a lion but was overpowered and beheaded.
- Birsa Munda, of the Munda tribe.
- Matmur Jamoh of the Adi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh.
- Tana Bhagat of the Oraon tribe.
- Malati Mem of the Tea-garden community.
- Laxman Naik of the Bhuyan tribe.
- Helen Lepcha of the Lepcha tribe was an ardent follower of Mahatma Gandhi. In 1941 she helped Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose escape from house arrest and travel to Germany. She was awarded the Tamra Patra for her invaluable contribution to the freedom struggle.
- Pulimaya Devi Podar, after independence she continued to serve her people and was awarded the title of ‘Swatantra Sainani’.
3. Consider the following statements for the Constituent Assembly.
- The Assembly was dominated by the Indian National Congress, the party that led India’s freedom struggle.
- The manner in which the Constituent Assembly worked gives sanctity to the Constitution.
- The Constituent Assembly that wrote the Indian Constitution had 298 members.
Which of the above is / are correct?
[A] Only 1 and 2
[B] Only 2 and 3
[C] Only 1 and 3
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1 and 2]
Notes:
Elections to the Constituent Assembly were held in July 1946. Its first meeting was held in December 1946. Soon after, the country was divided into India and Pakistan, the Constituent Assembly was also divided into the Constituent Assembly of India and that of Pakistan. The Constituent Assembly that wrote the Indian Constitution had 299 members. The Assembly adopted the Constitution on 26 November, 1949 but it came into effect on 26 January, 1950. The Assembly was dominated by the Indian National Congress, the party that led India’s freedom struggle. But the Congress itself included a variety of political groups and opinions. The Assembly had many members who did not agree with the Congress. In social terms too, the Assembly represented members from different language groups, castes, classes, religions and occupations. The manner in which the Constituent Assembly worked gives sanctity to the Constitution. The Constituent Assembly worked in a systematic, open and consensual manner.
4. Which Union Ministry organised the ‘Saga of Freedom: Known & Lesser-known Struggle’ exhibition?
[A] Ministry of Defence
[B] Ministry of Culture
[C] Ministry of Home Affairs
[D] Ministry of External Affairs
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Ministry of Culture]
Notes:
National Archives of India, under the Union Culture Ministry organised the ‘Saga of Freedom: Known & Lesser-known Struggle’ exhibition.
It has been extended till 30th October, 2022. This exhibition is based on original government documents, cartographic records, newspapers, private papers and contemporary photographs housed in the National Archives of India.
5. किस केंद्रीय मंत्रालय ने Saga of Freedom: Known & Lesser-known Struggle प्रदर्शनी का आयोजन किया?
[A] रक्षा मंत्रालय
[B] संस्कृति मंत्रालय
[C] गृह मंत्रालय
[D] विदेश मंत्रालय
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [संस्कृति मंत्रालय]
Notes:
केंद्रीय संस्कृति मंत्रालय के तहत भारत के राष्ट्रीय अभिलेखागार ने ‘Saga of Freedom: Known & Lesser-known Struggle’ प्रदर्शनी का आयोजन किया। इसे 30 अक्टूबर, 2022 तक बढ़ा दिया गया है। यह प्रदर्शनी भारत के राष्ट्रीय अभिलेखागार में रखे गए मूल सरकारी दस्तावेजों, कार्टोग्राफिक रिकॉर्ड, समाचार पत्रों, निजी पत्रों और समकालीन तस्वीरों पर आधारित है।
6. Consider the following statements with respect to the ‘Khudai Khidmatgars’:
- It was a society which was more popularly known as the ‘Red Shirts’.
- Under the leadership of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, they were committed to the non-violent freedom struggle.
Which of the above is / are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 and 2
[D] None of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both 1 and 2]
Notes:
The Civil Disobedience Movement started by Gandhiji in 1930 CE reached the extreme North-western corner of India and stirred the brave and hardy Pathans. Under the leadership of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, popularly known as ‘the Frontier Gandhi’ the Pathans organized the society of Khudai Khidmatgars(servants of God) known popularly as Red Shirts. So, statement 1 is correct. Inspired by Gandhiji, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan pledged to the non-violent means of freedom struggle. So, statement 2 is correct.
7. Who among the following was/were associated with the communist movement during the national freedom struggle?
- M. N. Roy
- S. A. Dange
- Muzaffar Ahmed
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 1 and 2
[C] All of the above
[D] Only 2 and 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [All of the above ]
Notes:
During 1920s, Indian youth were becoming more and more active in the freedom struggle. Many youth were dissatisfied with Gandhian political ideas and programme and turned to socialist ideology for guidance. The young Indian nationalists began gradually to turn to socialism and to advocate radical solutions for the political, economic and social ills from which the country was suffering. Bolshevik revolution was an inspiration to them. Socialist and communist groups came into existence in the 1920s. M.N. Roy became the first Indian to be elected to the leadership of the Communist International. Muzaffar Khan and S.A. Dange were arrested in 1924 accused of spreading communist ideas and tried along with others in the Kanpur conspiracy case.
8. It is believed that with the ‘Swadeshi Movement’ of 1905, Indian Freedom Struggle entered into a new phase. Which of the following factors may have contributed to this transition:
- Leadership of the national movement changed hands.
- Constitutionalism was replaced by mass-movement.
- The effects of the movement were felt across the country.
- Peasantry participated in the Swadeshi Movement on a large scale.
- People started demanding ‘Purna Swaraj’ then onwards.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 and 2
[B] Only 1, 2, and 3
[C] Only 1, 2, and 4
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 1, 2, and 3]
Notes:
During the anti-partition movement and Swadeshi Movement the leadership passed to militant nationalists like Tilak, Bipin Chandra and Aurobindo Ghosh. It happened because the early movement of protest under the Moderates had failed to yield result. So, statement 1 is correct. The Swadeshi Movement could achieve momentum after it appealed to the masses including students and women. Students in government colleges took active participation in the movement ignoring the punitive actions taken by the British-Indian government. Foreign goods were boycotted at large levels and shops selling foreign goods were picketed. Thus, statement 2 is correct. Though, the Swadeshi Movement was initiated in Bengal to oppose the partition of Bengal, soon the cry of ‘Swadeshi’ was heard in other provinces of India like Bombay, Madras and Northern India. A leading role in spreading the movement in the rest of the country was played by Tilak. So, statement 3 is correct. Swadeshi Movement was based on a purely political demand and it did not touch upon the concerns of common peasantry. Also, up to this point, politicization of peasantry had not taken place.So, statement 4 is incorrect. The goal of Purna Swaraj became popular only after the Lahore Session of Congress in 1929 CE. Thus, statement 5 is incorrect.
9. The Ghadar Movement was an important episode in India’s freedom struggle. Consider the following statements regarding Ghadar Movement:
- A weekly paper called “The Ghadar” was started and had its headquarter at San Francisco.
- The first issue of Ghadar was published in Gurumukhi language.
- The Ghadar was published only in Gurumukhi and Urdu Language
- Ghadarites adopted nationalist salute “Bande Mataram”
Which of the above is / are correct?
[A] Only 1 and 4
[B] Only 2 and 3
[C] Only 1, 2, and 4
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1 and 4]
Notes:
The first issue of Ghadar was published in Urdu language and then the second issue in Gurumukhi language. The Ghadar was published in Gurumukhi, Urdu, Gujarati and Hindi Language.
10. ‘Biplobi Bharat Gallery’ which was inaugurated recently, displays the contribution of which of the following in the freedom struggle?
[A] Women
[B] Peasants
[C] Revolutionaries
[D] Tribals
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Revolutionaries]
Notes:- Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Biplobi Bharat Gallery at Victoria Memorial Hall, Kolkata on the occasion of Shaheed Diwas (March 23).
- The Gallery displays the contribution of the Revolutionaries in the freedom struggle and their armed resistance to British colonial rule.
- The purpose of this new gallery is to provide a holistic view of the events that led up to 1947 and highlight the important role played by the Revolutionaries. Biplobi Bharat Gallery depicts the political and intellectual backdrop that triggered the Revolutionary movement.
- It showcases the birth of the revolutionary movement, formation of significant associations by revolutionary leaders, spread of the movement, formation of Indian National Army, contribution of Naval Mutiny, among others.
