Acids Quiz

Notes:
Oils are unsaturated carbon compounds that have double or triple bonds. Double and triple bonds are easy to be digested or to be broken down into simpler substances. But if a saturated compounds like Vanaspati Ghee are used, it becomes difficult for our body to digest the food as single bonds are not easily broken down into simpler substances by the acids present in our body. Animal fat is a saturated fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bonds. It is made of long chains of carbon (C) atoms. Saturated fatty acids are straight-chain organic acids with an even number of carbon atoms. They raise the serum LDL cholesterol concentration when they are consumed in the diet. So, they are harmful for our health.

Notes:
Amino acids are required for the synthesis of body protein and other important nitrogen-containing compounds. Amino acids are constituents of protein and act as precursors for many coenzymes, hormones, nucleic acid, etc. Adult humans are unable to synthesize all twenty amino acids needed for protein synthesis; those which cannot be synthesized and which must then be acquired via the diet are referred to as essential.

Notes:
Bile or gall is a dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. It neutralizes the acid in food to provide the alkaline conditions needed in the small intestine. Besides, it breaks down large fat globules into smaller globules so that the pancreatic enzymes can easily act on them. This process is known as emulsification of fats. It does not convert proteins into amino acids.

Notes:
A typical adult human stomach will secrete about 1.5 liters of gastric acid daily. The best-known component of gastric juice is hydrochloric acid, the secretory product of the parietal, or oxyntic cell. It is known that the capacity of the stomach to secrete HCl is almost linearly related to parietal cell numbers.

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A method for the delivery of nucleic acids to cells by high-speed particle bombardment is called Biolistics.

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Assimilation is the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body. For example, Amino acids are used to make new proteins.

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Because it affects proteins upon denaturation, this nuclease enzymes affect nucleic acids and the pressure will affect the structure but not the virus.

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Amino acids combine to form protein. It requires 20 amino acids to make a protein in both plants and animals. Amino acids and protein are considered as the main body building blocks.

Notes:
The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), has fixed the upper limit of 3% for the amount of trans fatty acids (TFA) in oils and fats, for the year 2021.
For the year 2022, the TFA levels have been capped at 2%. This has been done by an amendment to the Food Safety and Standards (Prohibition and Restriction on Sales) Regulations.

Notes:
India’s food regulator Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has capped the quantum of trans fatty acids (TFA) in oils and fats to 3% for 2021. The cap is further reduced to 2% for 2022.
Trans fat are found to increase the risk of heart attacks and death from coronary heart disease. The WHO has called all its members to eliminate trans-fat by 2023.