21. With reference to Sufi poetry and its cultural impact, consider the following statements:
- Statement-I: Sufi poetry often incorporated local languages to connect with the common people.
- Statement-II: The use of local languages in Sufi poetry was primarily to promote Islamic teachings among rural populations.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
[A] Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
[B] Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
[C] Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
[D] Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I]
Notes:Statement-I:- This statement is correct.
- Sufi poets often used local vernaculars to make their messages accessible to a wider audience.
Statement-II:
- This statement is correct.
- Incorporating local languages helped in the dissemination of Islamic teachings, especially in rural areas.
22. Regarding the administrative framework of the Delhi Sultanate, consider the following statements:
- Iqta was a land revenue system where land was assigned to military officers for administration.
- Patwari is a term used for the head of a village in the context of revenue collection.
- Waqf refers to a religious endowment in Islamic law, often involving land or property.
How many of the above statements are correct?
[A] Only one
[B] Only two
[C] All three
[D] None
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [All three]
Notes:- Iqta was a land revenue system where land was assigned to military officers for administration: Correct. It facilitated governance and military control during the Sultanate.
- Patwari is a term used for the head of a village in the context of revenue collection: Correct. The Patwari was responsible for maintaining land records and collecting taxes.
- Waqf refers to a religious endowment in Islamic law, often involving land or property: Correct. It is a charitable trust that supports religious and social causes.
Thus, all statements are correct. The correct answer is (C) All three.
23. In the light of historical administrative systems, consider the following statements:
- The diwan-i insha’ was responsible for state correspondence and was headed by the dahir-i mumalik.
- The barid-i mumalik was the chief of the state news-agency and reported on wars and rebellions.
- The sadr-us sudur was the highest religious officer and was responsible for appointing qazis.
- The muhatsibs ensured public adherence to Islamic laws and practices.
How many of the above statements are correct?
[A] Only one
[B] Only two
[C] All four
[D] None
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [All four]
Notes:- The diwan-i insha’ was responsible for state correspondence and was headed by the dahir-i mumalik: This is correct. The diwan-i insha’ managed correspondence between the Sultan and other rulers.
- The barid-i mumalik was the chief of the state news-agency and reported on wars and rebellions: This is correct. The barid-i mumalik collected and disseminated crucial information regarding state affairs.
- The sadr-us sudur was the highest religious officer and responsible for appointing qazis: This is correct. The sadr-us sudur oversaw religious appointments and ecclesiastical matters.
- The muhatsibs ensured public adherence to Islamic laws and practices: This is correct. The muhatsibs acted as public censors to maintain Islamic principles.
Thus, all four statements are correct.
24. Consider the following:
- Khutba
- Jummah
- Salat
Which of the above is/are associated with Islamic congregational practices?
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2
[C] 1, 2 & 3
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
1. Khutba is a sermon delivered during the Friday prayer, emphasizing moral and ethical guidance. 2. Jummah refers to the Friday prayer, which is a congregational prayer held in place of the regular noon prayer. 3. Salat is the Islamic ritual prayer performed five times a day, which includes the Jummah prayer as a special weekly observance. 4. All three terms are integral to Islamic worship, promoting community and spiritual reflection among Muslims.
25. Consider the following pairs:
| Caliphate | Religious and political leadership in Islam |
| Abbasid Caliphate | Known for its cultural and scientific advancements during the Islamic Golden Age |
| Umayyad Caliphate | First major Islamic caliphate established after the death of Muhammad |
| Fatimid Caliphate | Claimed descent from Fatimah, the daughter of Muhammad |
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
[A] Only one pair
[B] Only two pairs
[C] All three pairs
[D] None of the pairs
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [All three pairs]
Notes:- Caliphate: It indeed refers to the religious and political leadership in Islam, primarily after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, making this pair correct.
- Abbasid Caliphate: Known for its cultural and scientific advancements during the Islamic Golden Age, this pair is also correct.
- Umayyad Caliphate: It was the first major Islamic caliphate established after the death of Muhammad, thus this pair is correct as well.
Thus, all three pairs are correct.
26. With reference to historical terms related to governance, consider the following statements:
- Khutba is a formal sermon delivered during the Islamic Friday prayer.
- Sikka refers to a type of ancient weapon used by rulers to enforce authority.
- Wizarat is a title for the chief military commander in an Islamic state.
How many of the above statements are correct?
[A] Only one
[B] Only two
[C] All three
[D] None
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only one]
Notes:- Khutba is a formal sermon delivered during the Islamic Friday prayer: This is correct. It is an aspect of Islamic tradition and governance.
- Sikka refers to a type of ancient weapon used by rulers to enforce authority: This is incorrect. Sikka actually refers to coins issued by a ruler, symbolizing sovereignty.
- Wizarat is a title for the chief military commander in an Islamic state: This is incorrect. Wizarat refers to the finance ministry or the office of the vizier, not military leadership.
Thus, only one statement is correct.
27. Consider the following statements about the administration during the early Islamic period:
- The iqta system was used as a form of reward for services to the state in the early Islamic world.
- The iqta assignments were hereditary and non-transferable in nature.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1]
Notes:- The iqta system as a reward (Correct): The iqta system was indeed used as a form of reward for services rendered to the state, allowing nobles to collect revenue from assigned regions.
- The iqta assignments were not hereditary (Incorrect): Contrary to the statement, iqta assignments were not hereditary and were transferable, with holders being reassigned every few years.
28. Consider the following pairs:
| Historical Figure | Known For |
| Ibn Battuta | Famous for his travels across the Islamic world |
| Marco Polo | Known for his journey to Asia and account of the Silk Road |
| Abdur Razzak | Noted for his observations of the Vijayanagar Empire |
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
[A] Only one pair
[B] Only two pairs
[C] All three pairs
[D] None of the pairs
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [All three pairs]
Notes:- Ibn Battuta: He is indeed famous for his extensive travels across the Islamic world, documenting his journeys in ‘Rihla’. So, this pair is correct.
- Marco Polo: He is well-known for his travels to Asia and his detailed accounts of the Silk Road in ‘The Travels of Marco Polo’. This pair is also correct.
- Abdur Razzak: He was a Persian ambassador whose writings provide valuable insights into the Vijayanagar Empire, making this pair correct as well.
Thus, all three pairs are correct.
29. With respect to the coinage system of the Delhi Sultanate, which of the following observations is/are correct?
- Coins minted during the Delhi Sultanate often featured Islamic calligraphy.
- The tanka was the primary unit of account during the Delhi Sultanate coinage system.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Nor 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]
Notes:- Islamic calligraphy on coins (Correct): During the Delhi Sultanate, coins began to prominently feature Islamic calligraphy, replacing many existing motifs, which reflected the cultural and religious influences of the period.
- The tanka as a unit of account (Correct): The tanka became the consolidated unit of account in the Delhi Sultanate’s monetary system, with dirhams and jitals representing smaller denominations.
30. Consider the following pairs:
| Al-Biruni | Famous Persian scholar known for his work on India |
| Ibn Battuta | Noted for his travel accounts across the Islamic world |
| Fa-Hien | Chinese monk who traveled to India to study Buddhism |
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
[A] Only one pair
[B] Only two pairs
[C] All three pairs
[D] None of the pairs
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [All three pairs]
Notes:- Al-Biruni: He was a Persian scholar who made contributions to various fields, including history and geography, and is well-known for his detailed accounts of India in his work “Kitab al-Hind”. So, this pair is correct.
- Ibn Battuta: He is famous for his extensive travels across the Islamic world and beyond, documented in “Rihla”, making this pair correct as well.
- Fa-Hien: He was a Chinese monk who traveled to India in the 5th century to study Buddhism and is known for his writings about his journey, thus making this pair correct too.
Thus, all three pairs are correct.
