Phthalates Linked to Cardiovascular Deaths

May 1, 2025

In recent years, studies have increasingly brought into light the dangers of phthalates, chemicals prevalent in household plastics. A 2025 study from New York University revealed that phthalates may have contributed to over 356,000 cardiovascular-related deaths globally in 2018. The regions most affected include the Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, and the Pacific, which accounted for approximately 75% of these deaths.

What Are Phthalates?

Phthalates are chemicals used to enhance the flexibility of plastics.
They are commonly found in items like food containers, medical equipment, and personal care products.
Due to their widespread use, researchers often refer to them as “everywhere chemicals.”
Concerns have been raised regarding their health implications, including links to heart disease, obesity, and ADHD.

Health Risks

Phthalates are known endocrine disruptors. They can interfere with the body’s hormonal functions, leading to reproductive health issues and pregnancy complications. Research indicates that daily exposure to phthalates is associated with inflammation in heart arteries, which can increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

The Study’s Findings

The NYU study focused on di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), a common type of phthalate. Researchers estimated that DEHP exposure was responsible for 356,238 deaths in 2018, representing about 13.5% of all cardiovascular deaths among individuals aged 55-64. India reported the highest number of DEHP-related deaths, followed by China and Indonesia.

Global Implications

The study’s findings could influence negotiations for a Global Plastics Treaty, aimed at addressing plastic pollution. The results underline the necessity for global regulations to mitigate exposure to phthalates, especially in rapidly industrialising regions. Areas with plastics industries face heightened health risks due to phthalate exposure.

The Role of Plastics Industry

Countries with booming plastics industries exhibited the highest rates of DEHP-associated deaths. The extensive use of PVC in consumer goods, particularly in India, marks the urgent need for regulatory measures. The combination of industrial growth and lax regulations can exacerbate health risks linked to phthalates.

Future Research Directions

More research is needed to further understand the health impacts of phthalates. Studies should explore the long-term effects of exposure and the mechanisms by which these chemicals contribute to cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, there is a need for public awareness campaigns to educate communities about the risks associated with phthalates.

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