New Genome-Edited Rice Varieties

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have led to the development of two genome-edited rice varieties in India. Released by Union Agriculture Minister, these varieties, ‘Kamala’ and ‘Pusa DST Rice 1’, promise enhanced yields and climate resilience. Developed using CRISPR-Cas technology, these varieties represent a new era in sustainable agriculture.

About Genome Editing

Genome editing refers to techniques that allow scientists to alter an organism’s DNA. Unlike traditional genetic modification, which often involves inserting foreign genes, genome editing focuses on making precise changes to existing genes. This method can enhance desirable traits without introducing exogenous DNA.

CRISPR-Cas Technology

CRISPR-Cas is a revolutionary tool that uses specific enzymes to cut DNA at targeted locations. The technology allows for the modification of genes to enhance traits such as yield and stress tolerance. The Cas enzymes act like molecular scissors, enabling scientists to edit genes efficiently and accurately.

New Rice Varieties

The two new rice varieties, ‘Kamala’ and ‘Pusa DST Rice 1’, have been developed to address specific agricultural challenges. ‘Kamala’ targets the Gn1a gene to increase grain yield, while ‘Pusa DST Rice 1’ enhances drought and salt tolerance. Both varieties have shown yield improvements compared to their parent lines.

Field Trials and Performance

Both varieties underwent extensive field trials during 2023 and 2024. ‘Kamala’ recorded an average yield of 5.37 tonnes per hectare, outperforming its parent variety. Similarly, ‘Pusa DST Rice 1’ demonstrated enhanced yields under various stress conditions, making it suitable for cultivation in challenging environments.

Regulatory Framework

India has exempted genome-edited crops from stringent biosafety regulations applicable to genetically modified organisms. This allows for quicker approval and deployment of these varieties. The new regulations classify these genome-edited crops as equivalent to conventionally bred varieties, streamlining the process for farmers.

Environmental Impact

The introduction of these genome-edited rice varieties is expected to produce additional paddy while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The cultivation of these varieties over five million hectares could lead to reduction in water usage, conserving vital resources.

Month: Current Affairs - May, 2025

Category: Agriculture Current Affairs