New Cave-Dwelling Fish Species Discovered in Meghalaya
Researchers have discovered new species of cave-dwelling fish, named Schistura densiclava. It was found in Krem Mawjingbuiñ, a cave near Mawsynram. This discovery puts stress on the rich biodiversity of Meghalaya’s subterranean ecosystems.
Discovery Context
The discovery occurred in a remote cave known for its challenging access. The research team undertook an expedition to explore the cave’s unique aquatic life. This finding is as it marks the unexplored biodiversity in Meghalaya’s caves. The region is known for its diverse species, making it a hotspot for scientific exploration.
Characteristics of Schistura Densiclava
Schistura densiclava is notable for its unusual evolutionary traits. Unlike many cave fish that lose their eyesight and pigmentation, this species retains both. It has a pale yellow-green body adorned with 14 to 20 black bars and a distinctive thick stripe near its dorsal fin. The name “densiclava” reflects this unique feature, meaning “dense stripe” in Latin.
Evolutionary
S. densiclava is classified as a troglophile, meaning it thrives in caves but can also survive in surface waters. This adaptability is rare among cave fish. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism, with males being slimmer and more patterned than the robust females. Genetic analysis confirms it as a distinct species, different from other known loaches in the region.
Habitat and Behaviour
The fish was found in a cool, fast-flowing stream, approximately 60 metres inside the cave. The water temperature is around 18°C, with low oxygen levels. S. densiclava feeds on copepods, tiny shrimp, and even bat guano, showcasing a complex food web in its habitat. The cave’s pristine condition, free from human disturbance, supports this unique ecosystem.
Biodiversity in Meghalaya
Meghalaya is home to one of the richest cave systems globally, with over 1,700 documented caves. The unique karst topography provides ideal habitats for endemic species. The discovery of S. densiclava adds to the list of cave-dwelling fish found in the region, emphasising the importance of conservation efforts to protect these ecosystems.
Recognition and Impact
The discovery has garnered attention from the scientific community and local authorities. Assam’s education minister praised the research team, calling it a proud moment for Northeast India’s scientific community. The publication of this study in the Journal of Fish Biology further marks its significance in the field of ichthyology.
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