Mohmand Dam
Recent developments have brought renewed attention to Pakistan’s Mohmand Dam project, emphasizing its growing importance amid escalating India-Pakistan tensions. With China expediting construction efforts, the dam has become a strategic nexus of geopolitical, economic, and environmental interests.
Mohmand Dam Project
The Mohmand Dam is situated on the Swat River in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It is designed to be 213 metres tall with a capacity of 1.239 million acre-feet. The project aims to mitigate flood risks, irrigate agricultural land, generate hydropower, and improve local socio-economic conditions. Construction commenced in 2019, with a targeted completion date of December 2025.
Significance for Pakistan
The dam is expected to generate 2,862 Gigawatt hours of electricity annually. Additionally, it will provide 300 million gallons of drinking water daily to Peshawar. Given the recent suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty by India, the project’s importance has escalated. The treaty governs water distribution between the two nations, with Pakistan relying heavily on the Indus River system for its water needs.
Geopolitical Context
India’s status as the upper riparian state under the Indus Waters Treaty creates a complex dynamic. While India cannot immediately halt water flow to Pakistan, its recent actions highlight the vulnerability of Pakistan’s water resources. The Mohmand Dam could provide a buffer against potential water shortages exacerbated by geopolitical tensions.
China’s Role and Investment
China plays important role in the Mohmand Dam project as part of its broader Belt and Road Initiative. Chinese funding supports various infrastructure projects in Pakistan, enhancing bilateral ties. China’s involvement is strategic, aimed at countering Indian influence in the region. The dam is one of several projects that illustrate China’s commitment to Pakistan despite various challenges.
Environmental and Economic Considerations
The Indus River system is vital for Pakistan’s agriculture and energy production. Approximately 90% of the nation’s crops depend on this water source. The Mohmand Dam could help manage seasonal water flow, addressing both flood and drought conditions. However, the project faces challenges, including local protests and concerns about land rehabilitation.
Challenges to Completion
While the Mohmand Dam is poised to provide benefits, it also faces hurdles. Issues such as local opposition and the political landscape in Pakistan could delay progress. The long-term success of the project will depend on effective management and addressing the needs of affected communities.
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