Maratha Reservation Controversy in Maharashtra
Recent developments in Maharashtra have reignited discussions surrounding the Maratha reservation issue. The Bombay High Court has formed a new three-judge Bench to continue hearings on the legality of the 2024 Maharashtra State Reservation for Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBC) Act. This Act grants a 10% reservation in education and public employment for the Maratha community. The matter is as it influences upcoming local body elections and raises questions about the community’s classification as socially backward.
Background of Maratha Reservations
The Maratha community, constituting nearly one-third of Maharashtra’s population, has historically sought reservation since the 1980s. Their claims are rooted in a perceived need for social and educational upliftment. Previous attempts to secure reservations faced legal challenges, with the Supreme Court ruling against the 2018 SEBC Act. The need for a new legislative approach emerged in the wake of these setbacks.
Legislative Developments
In February 2024, the Maharashtra legislature passed the SEBC Act, based on findings from the Shukre Commission. This commission asserted that Marathas were socially and educationally backward, citing rise in girl child marriages and a decline in government job representation. The Act aims to provide reservations beyond the Supreme Court’s established 50% ceiling, claiming “exceptional circumstances” justify this breach.
Legal Challenges and Court Proceedings
The SEBC Act has faced criticism in court. Petitioners argue that the Act does not introduce substantial changes from the previously struck-down law. They maintain that breaching the 50% cap requires a constitutional amendment. The state government, represented by Advocate General Birendra Saraf, defends the Act, claiming it adheres to Supreme Court guidelines and is based on a comprehensive survey.
Implications for Future Elections
The Maratha reservation issue is politically sensitive and is expected to impact local elections. The legal challenge and ongoing court hearings may influence voter sentiment. The community’s demand for reservation remains a very important topic in Maharashtra’s socio-political landscape, reflecting broader issues of caste, social justice, and equality.
Current Status of Hearings
As of May 2025, the Bombay High Court has resumed hearings with a new Full Bench. The Supreme Court has directed the High Court to expedite proceedings and consider interim relief for students affected by the ongoing legal uncertainty. The outcome of these hearings could set important precedents for reservation policies in India.
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