Maoist Insurgency
The Maoist insurgency in India has persisted for decades, affecting vast regions. Union Home Minister Amit Shah has set a deadline of March 2026 to end this conflict. The insurgency primarily involves the Communist Party of India (Maoist), also known as CPI (Maoist). This group seeks to overthrow the current state through a protracted people’s war.
Origins of the Maoist Movement
The Maoist movement traces back to 1967, originating from the Naxalbari peasant rebellion in West Bengal. This rebellion marked the beginning of insurgency, which has evolved over the years. The term “Naxal” derives from this event. The movement gained momentum in the mid-2000s, impacting around 180 districts across several state of Indias.
Ideology and Goals
CPI (Maoist) aims to achieve a New Democratic Revolution in India. Their ultimate goal is to establish communism. The party’s philosophy is rooted in Mao Zedong’s principles, which emphasise the role of the peasantry in revolution. Mao believed that political power is derived from armed struggle, advocating for guerrilla warfare as a means to surround urban centres from rural areas.
Support Base and Tactics
Maoists have garnered support from adivasis and marginalised communities. They exploit grievances against the state and social injustices. The armed wing, the People’s Liberation Guerrilla Army (PLGA), employs guerrilla tactics to maintain influence. The movement has been marked by violence, resulting in casualties among fighters, security personnel, and civilians.
Government Response
The Government of India has responded with counter-insurgency operations. These efforts have weakened the Maoist movement, confining it largely to remote areas in southern and central Chhattisgarh. Despite this, the insurgency remains a critical issue, with ongoing human rights concerns surrounding both the government and the insurgents.
International Context
The Maoist ideology is not unique to India. It has inspired movements in various countries. Mao’s adaptation of Marxism resonates in peasant societies globally. The strategies employed by Indian Maoists reflect a broader pattern observed in similar movements worldwide.
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