Maharashtra Enacts Special Public Security Law 2024
The Maharashtra Assembly passed the Maharashtra Special Public Security Bill, 2024, on 10 July 2025. The law targets unlawful activities of Left Wing Extremist (LWE) organisations and similar groups. It follows similar laws in Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Odisha. The Bill aims to curb extremist threats while ensuring legal safeguards against misuse.
Recent Legislative Developments
The Bill was introduced in December 2024 and scrutinised by a joint select committee. After the committee’s report, the Assembly debated the Bill for nearly two hours. Despite opposition from the Communist Party of India (CPI) and other parties, the Bill was passed by a voice vote. It will next be tabled in the Legislative Council for approval.
Provisions of the Maharashtra Special Public Security Bill
The law criminalises membership in unlawful organisations linked to Left Wing Extremism. Punishments range from two to seven years in prison. Offences under the Act are cognisable and non-bailable. The government gains powers to seize and forfeit funds of banned groups. Importantly, individuals cannot be arrested unless they belong to a banned organisation.
Rationale Behind the Law
Maharashtra has 64 extremist organisations, the highest in India. Unlike other States, none of these Left Wing Extremist groups had been banned so far. The government views Maharashtra as a safe haven for such groups. The law intends to strengthen public security and prevent extremist violence.
Comparison with Other States
Maharashtra becomes the fifth State with a public security law targeting extremist groups. The other four have banned 48 frontal organisations combined. Maharashtra’s law is stricter with non-bailable offences and stronger financial seizure powers. This reflects the State’s unique security challenges.
Impact on Civil Liberties and Governance
The law balances security with safeguards against arbitrary arrests. It excludes individuals not linked to banned groups. However, concerns remain about possible restrictions on dissent and protest rights. The government assures no misuse will occur, but vigilance is required to protect democratic freedoms.
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