Kashmir Valley Records Highest Temperatures in Decades
The Kashmir Valley experienced unprecedented high temperatures in 2025. On July 5, Srinagar recorded 37.4°C, the highest in over 70 years. Pahalgam, a popular health resort, also noted its highest-ever temperature at 31.6°C. This follows the region’s hottest June in nearly five decades. Traditionally known for its temperate climate, the valley is now witnessing warming and climatic shifts.
Traditional Climate of Kashmir Valley
Kashmir has a temperate climate with four distinct seasons – spring, summer, autumn, and winter.
- Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) are usually mild and pleasant.
- Winters (December to February) are cold, with temperatures often below freezing. Snowfall is heavy in high-altitude areas and moderate in plains.
- Summers (June to August) are generally mild, with urban daytime temperatures reaching up to 36°C and cooler temperatures in resorts like Gulmarg and Pahalgam.
- Western disturbances bring rainfall that cools the region, especially in July and August.
Recent Climatic Changes and Temperature Rise
In recent years, Kashmir’s weather has become erratic with rising temperatures. The valley has experienced longer dry spells and consistent temperature increases. June 2025 was the hottest in almost 50 years, with temperatures about 3°C above normal. On July 5, Srinagar’s temperature nearly matched the 1953 record and approached the all-time high from 1946. Pahalgam also broke its previous maximum temperature record set just a year earlier. Unlike past isolated heat spikes, 2025 shows sustained elevated temperatures both day and night.
Causes Behind Rising Temperatures
Experts attribute the warming to multiple factors. Global warming is raising temperatures worldwide, affecting Kashmir as well. Previously, temperatures above 35°C were followed by rainfall, which cooled the region. Now, extended dry spells occur due to reduced water vapour. Less snowfall in the mountains means the snow melts earlier, leaving bare mountains that absorb more heat. Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) also contribute to local warming.
Urban Heat Islands and Their Impact
Urban Heat Islands are urban areas warmer than surrounding rural zones. Rapid urbanisation, concrete surfaces, fewer water bodies, and reduced vegetation cause UHIs. In Kashmir, cities like Srinagar have limited green cover and many heat-retaining surfaces. This intensifies heat, especially in summer. Vehicular emissions and industrial activity add to the heat load, worsening the temperature rise in urban spaces.
Environmental and Social Implications
The steady rise in temperature affects agriculture, water resources, and health. Reduced snowfall impacts water availability during summer. Prolonged heat can strain energy resources and increase health risks like heatstroke. Changes in rainfall patterns may disrupt traditional farming cycles. Urban residents face greater discomfort due to UHIs. Overall, these shifts challenge the valley’s ecological balance and local livelihoods.
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