India’s Space Nutrition Experiments
India is poised to make advancements in space nutrition through pioneering experiments aboard the International Space Station (ISS). These initiatives, announced by Dr. Jitendra Singh, aim to explore sustainable food sources for long-duration space missions. The experiments are part of India’s BioE3 Biotechnology policy and highlight the country’s commitment to global leadership in biotechnology.
Microgravity and Edible Microalgae
The first experiment will assess the impact of microgravity on edible microalgae. These organisms are rich in proteins, lipids, and bioactive compounds. They have a rapid growth cycle, with some species capable of doubling in biomass within 26 hours. The research will examine key growth parameters and changes in various biological components in a space environment. The goal is to identify the best microalgal species for use in space missions.
Advantages of Microalgae in Space
Microalgae offer numerous benefits for sustaining life in space. They can efficiently absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, which is vital for closed environments like spacecraft. Their high biomass yield in photobioreactors makes them a space-efficient choice for food production. This capability is essential for long-duration missions where resources are limited.
Cyanobacteria Research
The second experiment will focus on cyanobacteria, specifically Spirulina and Synechococcus. Researchers will compare their growth in urea versus nitrate media under microgravity conditions. This study aims to understand their metabolic responses and explore their potential as a “superfood.” The rapid growth and efficient photosynthesis of these organisms make them ideal for recycling human waste into usable resources during space travel.
Self-Sustainability in Space Missions
The recycling carbon and nitrogen from human waste is critical for achieving self-sustainability in spacecraft and future extraterrestrial colonies. By leveraging cyanobacteria, missions can create a closed-loop system that supports human life without relying on external supplies.
The DBT-ICGEB Biofoundry
The experiments are supported by the newly inaugurated DBT-ICGEB Biofoundry in New Delhi. This state-of-the-art facility employs a Design, Build, Test, and Learn (DBTL) cycle to develop biotechnological innovations. It focuses on microbial platforms and aims to create products for various sectors, including food, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals. The Biofoundry’s capabilities enable technology transfer to startups and manufacturers.
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