Indian Astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla’s ISS Experiments 2025
Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla made history by becoming the first Indian to conduct scientific research aboard the International Space Station (ISS). During the 18-day Axiom-4 mission, Shukla and his team carried out over 60 experiments focused on microgravity’s effects on biology, agriculture, technology and human physiology. These studies aimed to advance space exploration and offer insights applicable to life on Earth.
Microgravity and Biological Resilience
Shukla’s research included studying Indian strains of tardigrades, microscopic organisms known for surviving extreme conditions. The experiments tested their growth and resilience in space. About these effects helps develop strategies to protect living organisms during long-duration space missions.
Muscle Development in Space
The astronaut examined how microgravity impacts human muscle tissue formation, a process called myogenesis. Space conditions often cause muscle loss. This research may lead to treatments for muscle degeneration diseases on Earth and improve astronaut health during extended missions.
Seed Germination and Crop Growth
Shukla studied how moong and methi seeds sprout and develop in zero gravity. Seeds were grown in petri dishes and stored in the ISS freezer. The findings provide vital data on growing food in space, essential for future long-term habitation beyond Earth.
Oxygen Production via Cyanobacteria
Experiments involved two strains of cyanobacteria, ancient organisms that produce oxygen through photosynthesis. Researchers analysed how microgravity affects their growth and efficiency. These bacteria could be key to sustainable life support systems by recycling carbon and nitrogen aboard spacecraft.
Microalgae as Food and Fuel
Microalgae cultivation was another focus, exploring their potential as nutritious food and biofuel sources. The study compared algae metabolism and genetic activity in space versus Earth conditions. Results could guide future bioresource management in space habitats.
Effects of Screen Use in Zero Gravity
The Voyager Display experiment investigated how astronauts interact with digital screens in microgravity. It assessed cognitive load and stress caused by screen time. will inform design improvements for onboard devices to enhance crew efficiency and well-being.
Brain-to-Computer Interface
Shukla and crewmember Slawosz Uznanski participated in pioneering tests of direct brain-computer communication. For the first time in space, mental calculations were performed using thought alone. This breakthrough could revolutionise human-machine interaction in space and on Earth.
Water Behaviour in Microgravity
A simple yet striking experiment demonstrated water behaviour in zero gravity. Shukla created floating water bubbles using surface tension, revealing how physical laws differ in space. This experiment helps understand fluid dynamics critical for spacecraft design and life support.
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