High Seas Treaty
The High Seas Treaty has gained momentum as 18 additional countries ratified it, bringing the total to 49. This treaty, adopted in June 2023, aims to protect and sustainably use biodiversity in international waters. It is step towards achieving the “30×30” biodiversity target, which seeks to conserve 30 per cent of the oceans and lands by 2030. The recent ratifications occurred during the third United Nations Ocean Conference held in Nice, France.
Background
The High Seas Treaty was established to address the urgent need for conservation in international waters. These waters, which fall outside any national jurisdiction, cover over 60 per cent of the ocean but currently only 1.2 per cent is protected. The treaty sets out frameworks for sustainable use and conservation measures.
Recent Developments
At the UN Ocean Conference, countries such as Albania, Fiji, and Vietnam deposited their instruments of ratification. This marks a collective effort to enhance global biodiversity governance. The treaty will enter into force once 60 countries have ratified it, with 120 days required for implementation after that milestone.
India’s Position
India signed the High Seas Treaty during the UN General Assembly but has yet to ratify it. The Government of India is evaluating how the treaty aligns with existing national laws, including the Wildlife Protection Act and the Environment Protection Act. Changes to domestic legislation may be necessary before ratification.
Importance of the Treaty
The treaty is vital for global biodiversity, aiming to protect marine ecosystems and species. It promotes international cooperation for sustainable practices in the high seas, which are often exploited without regulation. By ratifying the treaty, countries commit to preserving marine life and habitats.
Implementation Challenges
Countries must establish institutions for the treaty’s implementation and reporting. This involves creating legal frameworks and management strategies to ensure compliance with treaty obligations. The complexity of marine governance poses challenges for effective enforcement.
Global Significance
The High Seas Treaty represents a landmark agreement comparable to the Paris Agreement for climate change. It reflects a growing recognition of the importance of ocean conservation in addressing global environmental challenges. The treaty aims to encourage international collaboration in protecting the planet’s vital marine resources.
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