Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems
The recent designation of new Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) marks the importance of traditional farming practices. These systems are recognised for their role in preserving biodiversity and cultural heritage while adapting to climate change. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has expanded its GIAHS network to 95 systems across 28 countries. This initiative aims to showcase sustainable agricultural practices that have thrived for generations.
What Are GIAHS?
GIAHS are unique agricultural systems that blend traditional knowledge with sustainable practices. They maintain biodiversity and cultural identity. The FAO established this programme to protect these systems from modern agricultural pressures. GIAHS exemplify sustainable farming techniques that can inform global agricultural policies.
Recent Additions to GIAHS
The latest additions include systems from Brazil, China, Mexico, and Spain. Each system reflects local environmental conditions and cultural practices. These systems are crucial for food security and ecological balance. They demonstrate how communities can use ancestral knowledge to face modern challenges.
Erva-Mate Agroforestry in Brazil
In southern Brazil, the erva-mate plant is cultivated in shaded agroforestry systems. This practice supports biodiversity and cultural identity. It helps conserve the endangered Araucaria Forest. The system integrates food crops and forest products, promoting food sovereignty.
Deqing Freshwater Pearl Mussels in China
Zhejiang Province features a unique fish-mussel co-cultivation system. This system has been in practice for over 800 years. It combines aquaculture with agriculture, producing pearls, rice, and silk. The method enhances biodiversity and reduces water pollution, benefiting local communities.
Fuding White Tea in China
Fuding is known for its centuries-old white tea cultivation. The system integrates tea gardens with forests and crops. It preserves various tea tree varieties and supports local livelihoods. This agricultural practice showcases a deep cultural connection to the land.
Gaolan Shichuan Pear Orchard in China
The Gaolan Shichuan system is over 600 years old. It thrives in the arid Loess Plateau region. Farmers use traditional methods to cultivate ancient pear varieties. This system contributes to food security and conserves agrobiodiversity.
Metepantle System in Mexico
In Tlaxcala, the Metepantle system has been practised for over 3,000 years. It features terraced farming of maize, beans, and squash. This system preserves native species and supports local food systems. It exemplifies resilience in climate-vulnerable regions.
Lanzarote Agricultural Systems in Spain
Lanzarote’s agricultural system utilises volcanic soil to cultivate crops. Farmers use innovative techniques to trap moisture and regulate soil temperature. This method sustains biodiversity in one of Europe’s driest regions. It showcases the adaptability of traditional farming practices.
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