Genetic Analysis of Rhino in Assam
Recent efforts in Assam have focused on the genetic analysis of rhino horn samples collected from thousands of horns destroyed in 2021. A specialised team verified and repackaged 2,573 horn samples at Kaziranga before sending them to the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) in Dehradun. This initiative is part of the RhoDIS India programme, aimed at improving rhino population management and aiding crime investigations involving rhinos.
Background of Rhino Horn Destruction
In September 2021, Assam’s Forest Division destroyed 2,479 rhino horns stored in state treasuries. The destruction was a mass move to combat illegal poaching and trafficking. Horns with unique features or legal implications were excluded. Before burning, small samples were collected from these horns for scientific research.
Sample Verification and Repackaging
Between July 3 and 8, 2025, the Assam Forest Department verified and segregated the stored samples at Kaziranga. The process included repackaging the tiny horn samples into small vials under strict protocols. Independent experts monitored the entire procedure to ensure transparency and accuracy.
Role of the Wildlife Institute of India
The samples were sent to WII’s genetics laboratory in Dehradun for detailed DNA analysis. WII leads the RhoDIS (Rhino DNA Index System) India programme. This programme documents individual DNA profiles of rhinos to build a comprehensive genetic database. The data helps track genetic diversity, breeding capacity, and population health.
Scientific Objectives of Genetic Analysis
The DNA analysis focuses on short tandem repeat allele frequencies, a key genetic marker. Scientists aim to detect changes in genetic variation over time. This helps understand habitat status and the genetic structure of Assam’s rhino population. The findings support better conservation strategies and population management.
Collaboration and Oversight
RhoDIS India began in 2016 as a joint effort between the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, rhino-bearing states, WII, and WWF-India. The programme also supports forensic investigations to curb poaching. A committee comprising forest officials, wildlife experts, NGO representatives, and independent observers oversees the process.
Significance for Rhino Conservation
This genetic initiative strengthens scientific management of rhinos in Assam. It enhances the ability to monitor genetic health and combat illegal wildlife trade. The data also aids in legal cases by providing DNA evidence. Such efforts contribute to the long-term survival of rhinos in India’s protected areas.
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