Extreme Heat Accelerates Ageing: Study
Recent studies reveal that extreme heat not only poses immediate health risks but may also accelerate biological ageing. Research indicates that prolonged exposure to high temperatures can lead to changes at the molecular level, impacting overall health and longevity. This emerging field of study marks the urgent need to understand and address the long-term implications of climate change on human health.
About Biological Ageing
Biological ageing refers to the gradual deterioration of cells and tissues over time. It increases the risk of age-related diseases. Scientists measure biological age using epigenetic clocks, which analyse DNA methylation patterns. These patterns change as a person ages and can be influenced by environmental factors, including heat.
Impact of Extreme Heat
Recent findings from a study involving over 3,600 older adults in the United States indicate that extreme heat can speed up biological ageing. Participants living in areas with frequent extreme heat days showed faster epigenetic ageing. For instance, those in regions with 140 extreme heat days annually experienced up to 14 months of additional biological ageing compared to those in cooler areas.
Mechanism of Action
Extreme heat triggers changes in DNA methylation, leading to what researchers term maladaptive epigenetic memory. This means that even a single episode of heat stress can have lasting effects on gene function. Previous animal studies support this, showing long-term shifts in DNA methylation patterns following heat exposure.
Public Health Implications
The implications of these findings are deep. Extreme heat could contribute to a rise in age-related diseases, particularly among older adults. Vulnerable populations may face heightened risks due to factors like preexisting health conditions and socioeconomic barriers. This necessitates urgent public health strategies to mitigate the effects of extreme heat.
Challenges in Adaptation
While some individuals may adapt to extreme heat, many older adults struggle due to reduced physiological resilience. Medications that impair heat tolerance further complicate their ability to cope with high temperatures. Therefore, even moderately hot days can pose health risks for older adults.
Future Research Directions
More research is necessary to understand the complex relationship between heat exposure and biological ageing. Future studies should explore protective measures individuals can take and identify the most vulnerable groups.
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