Environment Ministry Updates Islands Protection Zone Rules

The Union Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change recently issued a notification revising the Islands Protection Zone (IPZ) rules. These changes affect infrastructure projects in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep. The update extends clearance validity and allows transfer or splitting of clearances. This aligns IPZ norms with the national Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification 2006.

Extension of Clearance Validity

The ministry now permits a 10-year validity period for project clearances under the IPZ notification of 2011. Previously, clearances lasted seven years with a possible three-year extension. Applications for extension must be made during the clearance period. Extensions can be granted for up to one additional year. Late applications within 30 days of expiry may be condoned by ministry officials. Delays up to 90 days require approval from the Union Environment Minister or Coastal Zone Management Authority chairperson.

Transfer and Splitting of Clearances

The new rules allow IPZ clearances to be transferred from one legal entity to another. This applies to ongoing projects and must follow the original clearance terms and validity period. Clearances can also be split among multiple entities involved in the same project. This flexibility aims to facilitate project management and investment changes without fresh clearances.

Island Coastal Regional Zones Classification

The IPZ divides islands into four zones based on ecological sensitivity. ICRZ-I covers the most critical coastal areas. ICRZ-II includes developed urban or municipal lands near shorelines. ICRZ-III consists of relatively undisturbed lands. ICRZ water areas cover surrounding marine zones. Industrial development is generally prohibited in these zones except under strict conditions for specific industries.

Alignment with National Environmental Laws

The amendment harmonises IPZ clearance validity with the EIA Notification 2006. This move addresses inconsistencies between the two regulations. The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, allow the central government to bypass public objections for amendments deemed in the public interest. However, experts stress the need for public consultation due to ecological and social impacts.

Major Infrastructure Projects in the Islands

Several large projects are underway in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The Great Nicobar Holistic Development Project includes an international container terminal, airport, power plant, and township. It also features a major trunk road cutting through the island. The total investment is estimated at ₹81,800 crore. The Nicobar Islands are part of the Sundaland Biodiversity Hotspot, raising concerns about environmental protection.

Public Participation and Policy Concerns

Experts show the importance of public participation in environmental decision-making. The Pre-Legislative Consultation Policy, 2014, recommends placing draft laws in the public domain for feedback. This ensures transparency and better outcomes. Critics argue that technical amendments with wide ecological impact should undergo thorough public consultation before implementation.

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