Chandrayaan-3 Findings on Lunar Mantle Samples

May 2, 2025

In discovery, scientists from the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) have identified the Shiv Shakti point as a valuable site for studying primitive mantle samples on the Moon. This site is where India’s Chandrayaan-3 mission successfully landed on August 23, 2023. The findings suggest that this location may provide vital information about the Moon’s early geological history.

The Shiv Shakti Point

The Shiv Shakti point is situated in the southern high-latitude highlands of the Moon’s nearside. It is noteworthy for being the first lunar landing site facilitated by India. The site has now been identified as a potential source of primitive lunar mantle materials, which are crucial for understanding the Moon’s formation and evolution.

Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer

The Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) onboard the Pragyan rover played a very important role in this research. It is designed for in-situ analysis of soil and rock samples on planetary bodies with minimal atmosphere. The APXS emits alpha particles and X-rays onto surface samples, enabling the identification of elemental compositions based on the X-ray emissions from the samples.

Key Elemental Findings

Scientists analysed the concentrations of several volatile elements, including sulfur, potassium, and sodium, at the Shiv Shakti point. They found that sulfur levels were higher than those recorded in previous lunar missions, while sodium and potassium levels were lower.

Implications of the Findings

The findings indicate that the Shiv Shakti point has experienced different geological processes compared to other lunar locations. The presence of excess sulfur suggests a potential mix of primitive mantle materials with surface materials. Conversely, the low levels of sodium and potassium may imply that the KREEP (potassium, rare earth elements, and phosphorus) was not present during the formation of the South Pole-Aitken basin.

Future Research Directions

These discoveries pave the way for future lunar missions aimed at sample collection. Studying the early evolution of the Moon will provide vital information about planetary formation processes. Ongoing scientific analysis is expected to shed more light on the elemental composition and geological history of the landing site.

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