Modern Indian History & Freedom Struggle Questions (MCQs)

Notes:
Partition of Bengal took place in the year 1905. Division of Bengal was carried out by the British viceroy in India, Lord Curzon. The step began a transformation of the Indian National Congress from a middle-class pressure group into a nationwide mass movement.

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Under the Scheme of 1793, the Sadar Diwani Adalat which consisted of the Governor-General and Council continued to be the highest Civil Court subject to appeals to the King-in-Council when the subject-matter of the dispute was of the value of £ 5,000 or more. But one important reform introduced by the scheme was that Sadar Diwani Adalat was also constituted as a Court of Supervision and Inspection over the Mofussil Diwani Adalats so that administration of justice could be toned up.

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The First Anglo-Sikh War was fought between the Sikh Empire and the East India Company in the years 1845 and 1846. It resulted in partial subjugation of the Sikh kingdom.

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Rabindranath Tagore awarded Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913.

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Due to increase in land revenue by 22 %, the satyagraha was led by Vallabhbhai Patel at Bardoli, Gujarat. Under the leadership of Patel, the Bardoli peasants decided to refuse payments of the revised assessment until the Government appointed an independent tribunal or accepted the current amount as full payment. Those who opposed the movement had to faced a social boycott. The outcome of the satyagraha was British Government setup Maxwell-Broomfield commission, reduced land Revenue to 6.03% and returned confiscated land back to farmers. In this struggle, Vallabhbhai Patel got the title of “Sardar” by local farmers of Bardoli.

Notes:
Subhash Chandra Bose, who had been the Congress President for a year, desired another one-year term at the end of 1938. Subhash felt the German threat to Britain in the Second World War was an opportunity to launch an all-out mass disobedience movement to kick out the British. However, Gandhi didn’t favour a second term for Subhash. Subhash was adamant, and a contest ensued: Subhas vs. Pattabhi Sitaramayya of Andhra PCC. Sitaramayya was backed by Gandhi. Subhash was re-elected by 1580 to 1375 votes on 29 January 1939. However, Subhash faced several issues and resigned in April 1939. He announced formation of the Forward Bloc within the Congress in May 1939. His place as Congress President was taken by Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

Notes:
Day of Deliverance or Youm-i-Nizat was a celebration by All-India Muslim League and others on 22 December 1939 to rejoice the resignation of all members of Congress party from provincial and central offices in protest over their not having been consulted over the decision to enter World War II alongside Britain. According to them, the Deliverance was the deliverance from the “misrule” of the Congress. This was a ‘Himalayan blunder’ of the Congress, and was Jinnah was determined to take full advantage of it.

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Romesh Chunder Dutt is one of the best-known historians of those times. He served as Dewan of Baroda state and also became a member of the Royal Commission on Indian Decentralisation in 1907.

Notes:
Dr. Sushila Nayyar was sister of Pyare Lal, one of the assoicates of Gandhi. She became the personal physician of Gandhi and took part in Quit India Movement. She was sent to jail along with Gandhi. After indepedence she became Union cabinet Minister of Health.

Notes:
The books written by Subhas Chandra Bose are An Indian Pilgrim, The Indian Struggle (1942), Taruner Swapna. Satya ke Prayog was written by Mahatma Gandhi.