Modern Indian History MCQs

Notes:
The Bombay Association was the first political organization in Bombay Presidency founded by Jagannath Shankarsheth on 26 August 1852. Various members were Sir Jamshedji Jejeebhoy, Jagannath Shankarsheth, Naoroji Fursungi, Dr. Bhau Daji Lad, Dadabhai Naoroji and Vinayak Shankarshet. Sir Jamshedji Jejibhai was the first president of the organization.

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The Sawantwadi Revolt of 1844 occurred in the princely state of Sawantwadi (present-day Maharashtra) against the British East India Company’s control. Phond Savant, the ruler, resisted the Company’s interference in local affairs and imposition of high taxes. Supported by the local population, Phond Savant’s forces clashed with the British. However, the revolt was suppressed by the Company’s military might. The British deposed Phond Savant and installed a new ruler. The revolt exemplified resistance against British expansionism in 19th-century India.

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Mahatma Gandhi edited several newspapers including Harijan in Gujarati, in Hindi and in the English language. Indian Opinion and Young India, in English and Navajivan in Gujarati and Hindi.

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Telegram service was started in India in 1850 on an experimental basis between Kolkata and Diamond Harbour; it was opened for use by the British East India Company for initial few years, and then later in 1854, the service was made available to the public. After 163-years of its service in the country, it is no more available as was discontinued in 2013.

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While in London, Gandhi joined the Vegetarian Society; he was admitted to the British bar after graduating. He practiced law in both India and South Africa before commencing his life of non-violent political activism.

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The Cripps Mission was a failed attempt in late March 1942 by the British government. It aim was to secure full Indian cooperation and support for their efforts in World War II. Gandhi said that Cripps’ offer of Dominion Status after the war was a “post-dated cheque drawn on a failing bank”. The Congress stopped talks with Cripps and, guided by Gandhi, the national leadership demanded immediate self-government in return for war support.

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The correct chronological order of the events in the Indian national movement is: 1. Champaran Satyagraha (1917), 2. Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22), 3. Dandi March (1930), and 4. Quit India Movement (1942). Champaran Satyagraha marked the beginning of Gandhi’s mass involvement in Indian politics. Non-Cooperation Movement was launched after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Dandi March was part of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Finally, the Quit India Movement was an intensified effort for complete independence during World War II.

Notes:
Bombay Association (1852): The first political association in Bombay presidency was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1852, to express public grievances to the British.

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In 1867, Dadabhai Naoroji put forward the drain of wealth theory in which he stated that the Britain was completely draining India. He mentioned this theory in his book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India. Dadabhai Naoroji considered it as a major evil of British in India.

Notes:
On June 3, 1947, Lord Mountbatten, the Viceroy of India, put forth the partition plan, known as the Mountbatten Plan. The plan was accepted both by the Congress and the Muslim League. The plan was immediately enforced in the form of Indian independence in 1947.