Indian Culture General Studies MCQs
91. Who is regarded as the first tirthankar of Jainism?
[A] Rishabhanatha
[B] Parshvanatha
[C] Mahavira
[D] Kashinath
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Rishabhanatha]
Notes:
The first tirthankar in Jainism was Rishabhanatha, who according to Jain tradition lived millions of years ago, the twenty-third tirthankara Parshvanatha in 900 BCE, and the twenty-fourth tirthankara the Mahavira who founded Jain Dharma.
92. Which of the philosophies is based on experimental mysticism?
[A] Yoga
[B] Mimansa
[C] Nyay
[D] Vedanta
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Correct Answer: A [Yoga]
Notes:
Yoga philosophy is a form of experimental mysticism implying “spiritual union with God transcending human comprehension, while Advaita Vedanta is a form of monistic personalism incorporating the concept of a “personal, yet essentially inactive, deity” or “personal god” (Ishvara).
93. Which of the two philosphies share the concept that the universe is composed of two realities: purusa (consciousness) and prakriti (matter)?
[A] Samhkya-Yoga schools
[B] Mimansa-Yoga schools
[C] Samkhya-nyaya schools
[D] Vasasika-Mimansa schools
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Samhkya-Yoga schools]
Notes:
It is believed in Samhkya-Yoga schools that the universe is composed of two realities in the Samhkya-Yoga schools: Purusa (consciousness) and prakriti (matter) whereby Jiva (a living being) is considered as a state in which purusa is bonded to prakriti in some form like senses, feelings, activity and mind.
94. How many yamas (ethical concepts) have been listed by Patanjali in Yogasutra?
[A] Six yamas
[B] Four yamas
[C] Five yamas
[D] Seven yamas
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Five yamas ]
Notes:
The following five yamas(ethical concepts) have been listed by Patanjali in Yogasutra
Ahimsa : Nonviolence, non-harming other living beings
Satya : truthfulness, non-falsehood
Asteya : non-stealing
Brahmacarya : celibacy, non-cheating on one’s partner
Aparigraha : non-avarice,non-possessiveness
95. The ancient Indian texts identify how many of requirements for correct perception?
[A] Three requirements
[B] Four requirements
[C] Six requirements
[D] Seven requirements
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Four requirements]
Notes:
The ancient Indian texts identify four conditions or requirements for correct perception:Indriyarthasannikarsa (direct experience by one’s sensory organ), Avyapadesya (non-verbal; correct perception is not through hearsay), Avyabhicara (does not wander; correct perception does not change) and Vyavasayatmaka (definite; correct perception excludes judgments of doubt).
96. Who founded Ramakrishna mission ?
[A] Raja Ram Mohan Roy
[B] Swami Vivekananda
[C] Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
[D] Ishvarchand Vidyasagar
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Swami Vivekananda]
Notes:
Ramakrishna mission a worldwide Hindu religious and spiritual organization which forms the core of the Ramakrishna Movement or the Vedanta Movement.The mission is named after Paramahamsa and founded by Swami Vivekananda on 1 May 1897.
97. Which of the following is broadly grouped into two – the “black” or “dark” (Krishna) and the “white” or “bright” (Shukla)?
[A] Yajurveda
[B] Atharvaveda
[C] Samveda
[D] Rigveda
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Yajurveda]
Notes:
The Yajurveda is broadly classified into two – the “black” or “dark” (Krishna) Yajurveda and the “white” or “bright” (Shukla) Yajurveda. The black Yajurveda has survived in four recensions, while two recensions of white Yajurveda have survived into the modern times.
98. Which of the following was introduced by theBhagavad Gita, as a way to spiritual freedom and release?
[A] Bhakti marga
[B] Karma marga
[C] Jnana marga
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [All of the above]
Notes:
The Bhagavad Gita introduced bhakti marga (the path of faith/devotion) as one of three ways to spiritual freedom and release, the other two being karma marga (the path of works) and jnana marga (the path of knowledge).
99. Among Vedanta Hindu philosophies, which among the following is considered as the philosophy of unqualified dualism?
[A] Tattvavada
[B] Advaita Vedanta
[C] Vishishtadvaita Vedanta
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Tattvavada]
Notes:
Dvaita Vedanta, also known as Dvaitavada and Tattvavada was founded by Madhvacharya. His philosophy expounded unqualified dualism. The philosophy is in contrast with the monist ideas of Shankara’s Advaita Vedanta and Ramanuja’s Vishishtadvaita Vedanta.
100. Who proclaims himself to be the third avatar or incarnation of Vayu?
[A] Madhavacharya
[B] Adi Shankarachaya
[C] Sage Vyas
[D] Ramanuja
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Madhavacharya]
Notes:
In several of his texts, Madhvacharya proclaims himself to be the third avatar or incarnation of Vayu, the son of Vishnu. He, thus, asserted himself to be like Hanuman – the first avatar of Vayu, and Bhima – a Pandava in the Mahabharata and the second avatar of Vayu.
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