1. Consider the following:
- Amoghavarsha I
- Indra III
- Krishna III
Which of the above rulers is known for contributions to literature and Jainism?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] 1 and 3
[D] 1, 2, and 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1]
Notes:
Amoghavarsha I was a notable patron of literature, known for his work “Kavirajamarga,” the earliest Kannada text on poetics. He leaned towards Jainism and promoted its principles during his reign. Indra III is recognized for military conquests, notably against the Pratihara king, while Krishna III’s achievements include extensive military campaigns and struggles against rival dynasties. Neither Indra III nor Krishna III is primarily associated with literary contributions or Jainism.
2. With respect to Kumarapala, which of the following statements is/are correct?
- Kumarapala is believed to have embraced Jainism under the influence of the Jain scholar Hemachandra.
- Queen Naikidevi led the army against the Turks while holding her son Mularaja II on her lap.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Nor 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]
Notes:- Kumarapala’s embrace of Jainism (Correct): Historical accounts suggest that Kumarapala adopted Jainism, influenced by the scholar Hemachandra, which led him to prohibit the killing of animals and gambling in his kingdom.
- Queen Naikidevi’s bravery (Correct): During the invasion by Muizuddin Muhammad Ghori, Queen Naikidevi displayed remarkable courage by leading her troops against the Turks while holding her young son, Mularaja II, illustrating her strength as a regent.
3. Which of the following doctrines are associated with Jainism?
- Anekantavada
- Syadavada
- Pramana
- Nayavada
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1, 2 and 3
[B] Only 1, 2 and 4
[C] 1, 2, 3 and 4
[D] Only 3 and 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [1, 2, 3 and 4]
Notes:
Anekantavada emphasizes the multiplicity of viewpoints, asserting that truth can be perceived from different angles. Syadavada is associated with conditional assertions about truth, while Pramana encompasses the means of acquiring knowledge, including perception and inference. Nayavada focuses on classifying various perspectives or “nayas,” which is essential for understanding Jain philosophy. Therefore, all the mentioned options are significant doctrines in Jainism.
4. Consider the following:
- Charvaka
- Buddhism
- Jainism
- Ajñāna
Which of the following is the correct chronological order of the emergence of these philosophical schools from earliest to latest?
[A] 1 2 3 4
[B] 4 1 3 2
[C] 1 4 3 2
[D] 2 3 1 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [1 4 3 2]
Notes:
The Charvaka school, known for its materialist and atheistic views, emerged in the 6th century BCE. Following this, Ajñāna, a school of thought that also embraced skepticism and denial of certain philosophical claims, developed around the same period. Jainism, founded by Mahavira, emerged in the 6th century BCE as well, but it is widely recognized as having a more structured tradition that solidified slightly later. Buddhism, founded by Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) around the 5th century BCE, is considered the most recent of the four. Thus, the correct order is: Charvaka (1), Ajñāna (4), Jainism (3), Buddhism (2).
5. Which of the following philosophical traditions emerged in ancient India during the same period as Jainism and Buddhism?
[A] Advaita Vedanta
[B] Charvaka
[C] Nyaya
[D] Samkhya
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Charvaka]
Notes:
Charvaka, also known as Lokāyata, is an ancient Indian materialist philosophy that emerged during the Hindu reformation period, around the same time as Jainism and Buddhism. It emphasizes direct perception and skepticism. Jainism, founded by Mahavira, and Buddhism, founded by Gautama Buddha, both arose in the 1st millennium BCE, making Charvaka a contemporary philosophical tradition. In contrast, Advaita Vedanta, Nyaya, and Samkhya developed later in Indian philosophical history.
6. Consider the following statements:
- Statement-I: Anekantavada promotes the acceptance of multiple perspectives in philosophical discourse.
- Statement-II: Anekantavada is primarily a doctrine of non-violence in Jainism.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
[A] Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
[B] Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
[C] Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
[D] Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect]
Notes:Statement-I:- This statement is correct.
- Anekantavada emphasizes the importance of recognizing and accepting multiple viewpoints, fostering dialogue and understanding.
Statement-II:
- This statement is incorrect.
- While Jainism values non-violence, Anekantavada itself is primarily a philosophical framework rather than a doctrine focused solely on non-violence.
7. Sammed Shikarji was in news recently, with respect to it, which of the following statements is/are correct?
- It is a sacred text of Jainism.
- It is included in the Svetambara Pancha Tirth.
- It is related to the 1st Tirthankara, Rishabhadeva.
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Only 2
[B] Only 3
[C] Only 1 & 2
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 2]
Notes:- Sammed Shikharji is located on the Parasnath hill in the Giridih district of Jharkhand.
- The hill is named after Parasnath, the 23rd Tirthankara who attained moksha here.
- Parasnath hill is the highest mountain in the state of Jharkhand.
- It is considered to be the biggest pilgrimage site by both the Digambaras and the Svetambaras sects of Jainism.
- Svetambara Pancha Tirth – According to beliefs of the Jain community, Shikharji is ranked as the ‘Svetambara Pancha Tirth’ or the five principal pilgrimage shrines.
- The Svetambara Pancha Tirth are Ashtapad, Girnar, Dilwara Temples of Mount Abu, Shatrunjaya and Shikharji.
8. Consider the following statements:
- Kharavela, a descendent of the Mahameghavahana, founder of Cheti dynasty.
- Kharavela was a follower of Jainism.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]
Notes:- The Hathigumpha inscription in the Udayagiri hill, three miles from Bhuvanesvar in the Puri district, describes the achievements of Kharavela, a descendent of the Mahameghavahana, the latter being the founder of the royal house of Cheti or Chedi. It is difficult to unravel the exact relationship between Kharavela and Mahameghavahana nor is it possible to determine the number of kings intervening between them.
- Kharavela was an ardent follower of Jainism and made munificent provisions for the maintenance of Jaina ascetics.
9. Which of the following is/are correct about Chandragupta Maurya?
- Conquest of Gangetic Valley, Central India & Trans-Indus Region
- Megasthenes’ stay
- Patronage to Jainism.
- Alliance with Antiochus I
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Only 3
[B] Only 2
[C] Only 1, 2 & 3
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Only 1, 2 & 3]
Notes:- Chandragupta (321-297 BC): Conquest of Gangetic Valley, Central India & Trans-Indus Region; Alliance with Seleucus; Megasthenes’ stay; patronage to Jainism.
- Bindusara (297-72 BC): Conquest of peninsula except Kalinga & south; Alliance with Antiochus I; Daimachus’ stay; patronage to Ajivikas.
10. Who among the following was/were patrons of Jainism?
- Chandragupta Maurya
- Kharvela
- Amoghavarsha
- Siddharaja
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 1 & 2
[C] Only 1, 3 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2, 3 & 4]
Notes:- Chandragupta Maurya was its devout patron.
- King Kharavela of Kalinga professed Jainism.
- Amoghavarsha became a Jaina monk in the latter part of his life.
- Chalukya king Siddharaja (1094–1143), also known as Jaya-simha, the popular hero of the Gujarat legend and the ruler of Anhilwara, and his successor Kumarapala were great patrons of the Jainism.
