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GS-I: Modern Indian History & Freedom Struggle

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                                                                                                                                                  This is a dynamic E-Book comprising the below UPSC Mains Model Questions as well as their answers written by GKToday team. The PDF E-Book can be instantly downloaded after payment. No Hadcopy is provided.
                                                                                                                                                1. Explain in brief the significance and contribution of Veer Savarkar in Indian freedom struggle movement.
                                                                                                                                                2. Discuss the importance and role of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in India history.
                                                                                                                                                3. The third battle of Panipat was fought in 1761. Why were so many empire-shaking battles fought at Panipat?
                                                                                                                                                4. Examine critically the various facets of economic policies of the British in India from mid-eighteenth century till independence.
                                                                                                                                                5. In what ways did the naval mutiny prove to be the last nail in the coffin of British colonial aspirations in India?
                                                                                                                                                6. What were the major political, economic and social developments in the world which motivated the anti-colonial struggle in India?
                                                                                                                                                7. "Dr. B R Ambedkar single handedly struggled for the upliftment of the dalits and the downtrodden low castes, giving them social equality, self respect and political empowerment."Critically analyze his role throwing light on the movements he led.
                                                                                                                                                8. Critically elucidate the circumstances in which Gandhi and Ambedkar developed different perspectives in context with the amelioration of problems of depressed classes.
                                                                                                                                                9. Critically discuss Dr. Ambedkar’s rationale behind his ideal of “Annihilation of caste”.
                                                                                                                                                10. “Both Gandhi and Ambedkar strove for the improvement of the cause of depressed classes. However, both had fundamental differences on different political and social issues.” Elucidate.
                                                                                                                                                11. What were socio-political implications of Aryan Invasion Theory? Discuss.
                                                                                                                                                12. The educational changes in 19th century seem to be more effective in setting the pace and direction of political changes in India than what one would expect from economic and technological change. Discuss critically.
                                                                                                                                                13. Highlight the differences in the approach of Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for freedom.
                                                                                                                                                14. Despite an enduring commitment to the production of knowledge about India, the British made little effort at any time explicitly to construct an ordering system of ideology for their imperial enterprise. Discuss.
                                                                                                                                                15. The ideology of Swadeshi had brought a coherent relationship in economics, politics, religion and philosophy. Discuss
                                                                                                                                                16. As far as possible, there should be complete popular control in local bodies and largest possible independence from them from outside control. Do you think that the above basic principle of the Mont-ford Report was inculcated in the Government of India act 1919? Substantiate your answer with relevant features of the Government of India Act 1919.
                                                                                                                                                17. "Latitude, not attitude made the west rule". Do you agree with this? Discuss keeping in focus various geographical and historical events.
                                                                                                                                                18. Critically examine the differences between the attitude of Indian National Congress and Muslim League over the issue of independence of India.
                                                                                                                                                19. Discuss the reasons of the emergence of the left-wing within the congress in late British Era. To what extent, it was able to influence the programme and policy of the congress? Elucidate.
                                                                                                                                                20. The Drain of Wealth fostered industrialization in England at the cost of Indian industrialization. Elucidate.
                                                                                                                                                21. Discuss the key principles of Subsidiary Alliance System. To what extent, this system contributed in making the British Company the Supreme Sovereign Authority in India?
                                                                                                                                                22. Discuss the circumstances leading to alliance between Khilafat and Congress during Non-cooperation Movement. Do you think that it was a politically wise move of Congress to associate with Khilafat? Substantiate.
                                                                                                                                                23. The gradual industrialization of India did not only bring the Indian capitalists into the foreground of public life, it also created an industrial working class". Objectively analyze this statement along with giving reference to major working class movements in India in early 20th century.
                                                                                                                                                24. To what extent, the British colonialist regime was responsible for the discrimination, abuse, and social and economic marginalization faced by millions of Indians belonging to 'denotified and nomadic tribes'. Discuss critically.
                                                                                                                                                25. While considering Mutiny of 1857 as the first war of Independence, we generally accept Mangal Pandey as the first martyr of Indian freedom struggle. However, there were many others who revolted (against British) even before 1857. Elucidate the role of some of such unsung heroes whose martyrdom / revolt pre-dates 1857.
                                                                                                                                                26. "The British came neither as migrating hordes nor as armies seeking plunder, yet eventually they did more to transform India than any previous ruling power."Explain this apparent paradox.
                                                                                                                                                27. Constitutionally, the princely states were not part of British India nor were their inhabitants British subjects. The British Parliament had no power to legislate for the States or their people. Elucidate the ways in which crown's relationship with the Indian states was maintained during pre-independence era.
                                                                                                                                                28. "Patel was the shrewd organizational hand beneath Nehru's idealistic velvet glove." Critically discuss. Do you agree with the view that the synergy of two leaders was much more powerful in comparison to differences in their thoughts?
                                                                                                                                                29. Most invaders in medieval times came to India from High mountain passes of North while they could have entered through western plains or low mountains. Critically examine the statement while keeping focus on geographical and political reasons.
                                                                                                                                                30. Clarify how mid-eighteenth Century India was beset with the spectre of a fragmented polity.
                                                                                                                                                31. Why did the 'Moderates' fail to carry conviction with the nation about their proclaimed ideology and political goals by the end of the nineteenth century?
                                                                                                                                                32. Examine how the decline of traditional artisanal industry in colonial India crippled the rural economy.
                                                                                                                                                33. What were the major reformist and revivalist movements in 19th century India? How they were similar to, or different from each other? Discuss with suitable examples.
                                                                                                                                                34. Elucidate the positive and negative effects of India's contact with the West during 18th and 19th century.
                                                                                                                                                35. How did the Third Carnatic War affect the political fortunes of the French in India? What were the causes of the French failure in their struggle against the English Company?
                                                                                                                                                36. In what way did the Charter Act of 1793, 1813, 1833 and 1853 affect the structure of the Company Government in India? Discuss limiting yourself to Governor General and his council only.
                                                                                                                                                37. Discuss the origin and development of the Aligarh Movement with special emphasis on the part played by Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan in promoting it.
                                                                                                                                                38. Was the national struggle for independence merely an expression of self-serving agenda of the Indian capitalist class? Discuss giving examples of suitable personalities and events related to Indian capitalist class.
                                                                                                                                                39. What were the key changes that took place in Gandhi's mass mobilization strategy from the 1919 Rowlatt Satyagraha onward as compared to his earlier movements in Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad? How these changes affected the further course of freedom struggle? Critically analyze.
                                                                                                                                                40. How the abrupt withdrawal of Non-cooperation movement shaped further the socioeconomic and political processes in India? Explain while limiting yourself to events before launch of Civil Disobedience Movement.
                                                                                                                                                41. Provide the sequence of events that led to formation of INA. What was impact of INA on India's freedom struggle? Discuss.
                                                                                                                                                42. "The inclusion of Princely States in the Federation Scheme of 1935 Act was the last resort of the British to balance the reactionary elements with the progressive forces."Critically discuss while elucidating the initial reactions of the princely states.
                                                                                                                                                43. The recruitment policy of Indian Army to a great extent was shaped by the so called Martial Race Theory that originated in the aftermath of 1857 rebellion. Was it some kind of sinister designs of British or a natural grouping of soldiers? Analyze critically its cause and effects.
                                                                                                                                                44. Discuss the reasons, key events and outcome of the Revolt of 1857.
                                                                                                                                                45. Discuss the various views presented by historians around the revolt of 1857.
                                                                                                                                                46. Elucidate the positive and negative outcomes of Revolt of 1857.
                                                                                                                                                47. The Revolt of 1857 had far-reaching political, military, social and economic results. Amplify.
                                                                                                                                                48. The revolt of 1857 was more spontaneous than planned. Do you agree with this statement? Justify.
                                                                                                                                                49. Why some leaders of India such as Ram Manohar Lohia, Abul Kalam Azad found Congress solely responsible for communalism and eventual partition of India? Critically discuss.
                                                                                                                                                50. Tagore was uncomfortable with some aspects of the movement set in motion by Mahatma Gandhi, particularly his instrumentalists view of Satyagraha. Explain.
                                                                                                                                                51. What is significance of RIN mutiny? To what extent, RIN mutiny hastened the end of British rule in India?
                                                                                                                                                52. Dr. B R Ambedkar and New Life Movement
                                                                                                                                                53. Describe the objectives of the Deoband School. How much it was different from the Aligarh school? Evaluate their role in the 19th century reform movement.
                                                                                                                                                54. "The Bengal famine of 1943 was a result of several malign natural and man-made factors." Discuss.
                                                                                                                                                55. What were the major points of difference between Gandhi and Jinnah during the September 1944 talks? Critically discuss the outcomes of these talks at a broader level.
                                                                                                                                                56. "One of the legacies of British colonial rule in India is the secrecy regime."Discuss throwing light on various secrecy laws and factors contributing to secrecy culture in India.
                                                                                                                                                57. Discuss the British policy towards Nepal and Bhutan during 18th and 19th century. To what extent, this policy led Nepal and Bhutan to remain separate nations?
                                                                                                                                                58. When, how and why the Home Rule Movement (HRM) originated in India? Critically discuss its significance in national struggle of India.
                                                                                                                                                59. Highlight the role of capitalist class in Indian independence movement.
                                                                                                                                                60. Discuss the factors that contributed to the growth of trade union movement in India during the first quarter of 20th century. Do you agree with the view that the unprecedented growth of Indian industry during First World War resulted in rise of wages - thus contributing more power to trade union movement?
                                                                                                                                                61. How the efforts of Swami Dayanand Saraswati revolutionised Indian society?
                                                                                                                                                62. What were Objectives and Weaknesses of Indian National Movement Till 1905?
                                                                                                                                                63. What administrative changes were introduced in India after 1858? What were the objectives of these changes?
                                                                                                                                                64. How did the movement for the liberation of women receive a great stimulus from the rise and growth of the nationalist movement in India?
                                                                                                                                                65. Discuss the aims and objects of the Khilafat Movement. To what extent was it successful?
                                                                                                                                                66. Why did Gandhi launch the Salt Satyagraha in 1930 and with what results?
                                                                                                                                                67. It is time to recreate Gandhi's notion of Satyagraha. Does the statement hold importance in present times of increasing violence against minorities?
                                                                                                                                                68. How the Paika Rebellion shook the foundations of the British Rule in India?
                                                                                                                                                69. Analyze how India handled the Jammu and Kashmir’s invasion of Pakistan in 1947?
                                                                                                                                                70. Describe the situation of Odisha at the time of Paika Rebellion and what led to the rebellion.
                                                                                                                                                71. Though it had its achievements, the exclusion of Indians from the system was a key feature of judicial reforms introduced by Cornwallis. Analyze.
                                                                                                                                                72. Paying special attention to the contributions of Bhagat Singh, outline the course of the revolutionary movement in the Indian freedom struggle.
                                                                                                                                                  73. Disclaimer: These questions have been written and answered by GKToday team over the period of time; and have included some previous years questions also. While every effort was made to ensure that these questions as well as their answers remain relevent and correct, it is possible, that some facts or context in some questions might have changed over time. GKToday does not assume and hereby disclaims any liability to any party for any loss, damage, or disruption caused by such change of facts or context in the questions and answers of this E-book.

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