List of Central Ministries and Their Major Schemes

Central government schemes in India serve as the primary execution mechanism for socio-economic development, social security, infrastructure expansion, and financial inclusion. The Union Government operates two broad categories of welfare programs: Central Sector Schemes, which receive 100% funding from the Central Government, and Centrally Sponsored Schemes, which feature shared financial funding between the Centre and State governments. These initiatives span diverse sectors, operating under specific nodal ministries to deliver targeted benefits directly to citizens through digital public infrastructure and direct benefit transfers.

Major Central Ministries and Flagship Schemes

Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare

• PM-KISAN (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi): Provides direct income support of ₹6,000 annually to eligible farmer families in three equal installments of ₹2,000 via Direct Benefit Transfer.
• Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY): Delivers crop insurance against non-preventable natural risks at uniform low premium rates of 2% for Kharif crops, 1.5% for Rabi crops, and 5% for commercial/horticultural crops.
• PM-AASHA (Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay Sanraksan Abhiyan): Protects agricultural producers from sharp price falls through three sub-components: Price Support Scheme, Price Deficiency Payment Scheme, and Private Procurement Stockist Scheme.
• Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF): Offers a medium-to-long term debt financing facility for post-harvest management infrastructure and community farming assets through interest subvention and credit guarantee support.

Ministry of Rural Development

• MGNREGS (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme): Guarantees a minimum of 100 days of wage employment per financial year to rural households whose adult members volunteer for unskilled manual work.
• PMAY-G (Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana – Gramin): Delivers financial assistance to rural families living without houses or in temporary structures to construct permanent houses equipped with basic amenities.
• DAY-NRLM (Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission): Organizes rural poor households into Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and provides revolving funds, community investment funds, and bank credit linkages.
• PMGSY (Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana): Builds all-weather road connectivity to eligible unconnected habitations in rural areas.

Ministry of Finance

• PMJDY (Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana): Expands universal access to financial services by opening basic savings bank accounts with zero balance requirements, free RuPay debit cards, and built-in accident insurance cover.
• PMMY (Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana): Offers collateral-free loans up to ₹10 lakh to non-farm micro and small enterprises under three categories: Shishu (up to ₹50,000), Kishor (₹50,000 to ₹5 lakh), and Tarun (₹5 lakh to ₹10 lakh).
• PMJJBY & PMSBY: Delivers affordable insurance coverage through Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (life insurance of ₹2 lakh) and Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (accidental death/disability insurance of ₹2 lakh).
• Atal Pension Yojana (APY): Delivers a guaranteed minimum monthly pension ranging from ₹1,000 to ₹5,000 to unorganized sector workers after attaining 60 years of age.

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

• Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY: Provides health coverage up to ₹5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization to bottom socio-economic households.
• Ayushman Arogya Mandirs: Upgrades primary health centers and sub-centers to deliver Comprehensive Primary Health Care, free essential drugs, and diagnostic tests.
• PM-ABHIM (PM Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission): Constructs critical care hospital blocks, integrated public health labs, and block public health units to strengthen emergency disease response.
• Mission Indradhanush: Conducts targeted drives to ensure full vaccination coverage for unvaccinated and partially vaccinated children up to two years of age and pregnant women.

Ministry of Women and Child Development

• Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0: Combines Anganwadi services, POSHAN Abhiyaan, and schemes for adolescent girls into an integrated nutrition initiative to reduce stunting, wasting, and anemia.
• PMMVY (Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana): Delivers financial incentives directly to pregnant women and lactating mothers to offset wage loss and encourage institutional health-seeking behavior.
• Mission Vatsalya: Manages child protection services, institutional care, non-institutional care, and emergency outreach services for children in difficult circumstances.

Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs

• PMAY-U (Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban): Provides central assistance to urban local bodies to deliver all-weather houses to eligible urban families across four vertical models.
• AMRUT 2.0 (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation): Targets universal coverage of water supply through functional household tap connections in all statutory towns.
• PM SVANidhi: Delivers affordable working capital micro-loans to urban street vendors, offering interest subsidies and digital cashback rewards.
• Smart Cities Mission: Develops selected cities into urban hubs through local area development, smart technology integration, and core infrastructure upgrades.

Ministry of Jal Shakti

• Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM): Aims to provide functional household tap connections delivering potable drinking water to every rural home across India.
• Swachh Bharat Mission – Gramin (SBM-G Phase II): Focuses on sustaining Open Defecation Free (ODF) status and implementing solid and liquid waste management across villages to attain ODF Plus status.
• Namami Gange Programme: Executes an integrated conservation mission to accomplish effective abatement of pollution, conservation, and rejuvenation of the National River Ganga.

Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

• PM Vishwakarma: Provides end-to-end support, including basic and advanced training, toolkit incentives, collateral-free credit at 5% interest rate, and digital transaction rewards to traditional artisans across 18 trades.
• PMEGP (Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme): Delivers credit-linked margin money subsidies to assist entrepreneurs in setting up micro-enterprises in non-farm sectors.

Overview of Key Ministries and Scheme Classifications

Key Facts for Quick Revision

• Central Sector Schemes receive 100% financial funding directly from the Central Government.
• Centrally Sponsored Schemes involve shared funding between the Central Government and State Governments based on fixed ratios.
• PM-KISAN transfers ₹6,000 annually in three equal installments to eligible farmer families across India.
• MGNREGS legally guarantees at least 100 days of unskilled wage employment per financial year to rural households.
• Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY delivers a secondary and tertiary health cover of ₹5 lakh per family per year to eligible households.
• PM MUDRA Yojana categorizes loans into three tiers: Shishu (up to ₹50,000), Kishor (₹50,000 to ₹5 lakh), and Tarun (₹5 lakh to ₹10 lakh).
• PM Vishwakarma provides technical training and financial credit at a subsidized 5% interest rate to traditional artisans across 18 designated trades.
• Jal Jeevan Mission operates under the Ministry of Jal Shakti to provide functional household tap water connections to every rural home.