A National emergency on the grounds of security threat is proclaimed under which among the following articles?

Consider the following statements:
1.X is a soil known for its self-ploughing quality and the capacity to hold moisture
2.Y is a soil formed by the weathering of old crystalline rocks, lacking in humus
Identify X and Y from the given options:

Consider the following statements about Coral reefs:

1. Coral reefs are mainly found in cold water and are almost absent in warm water
2. Coral reefs are completely absent in Red Sea due to high salinity of Red Sea

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

  Consider the following pairs of GI protected rice varieties in India with states where they are found:

1. Kalanamak Rice - Chhattisgarh
2. Pokkali Rice - Tamil Nadu
3. Kaipad Rice - Kerala

  Which of the above is/are correct?

Which of the following is / are correct statements with respect to the Thorium based nuclear fuel cycle?

1. Thorium based nuclear cycle produces little or no plutonium
2. To get criticality, Thorium based fuel cycle does not need any fissile isotopes
3. Thorium based nuclear cycle produces no hazardous wastes

Select the correct option from the codes given below: