Environment & Biodiversity Current Affairs MCQs

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A recent study in Current Biology explored the evolutionary adaptations of Sea Robins, a unique fish species known for their “walking” abilities. These bottom-dwelling fish, found in tropical and subtropical oceans, have six leg-like appendages that are extensions of their fins. This adaptation allows them to walk on the seafloor and taste hidden prey. The study reveals that the genes responsible for these appendages are similar to those that form human limbs, offering insights into how ancient fish evolved into four-limbed animals, including humans.

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A recent herpetofauna survey in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, now called the MTR Masinagudi Division, found rich biodiversity, including species likely new to science. The survey covered habitats at altitudes of 300 to 2,000 meters above sea level. It identified 33 reptile species and 36 amphibian species, many endemic to the Western Ghats. The survey discovered four potential new species: two geckos, a skink, and a frog, which need further taxonomic and molecular studies before formal identification.

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The Negro River, a main tributary of the Amazon, recently dropped to its lowest level in 122 years. It is one of the largest tributaries of the Amazon River and one of the world’s largest rivers by discharge. Originating from eastern Colombia, it flows through Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil before joining the Amazon at Manaus. The river spans about 1,400 miles, with 850 miles in Brazil. The river was named “Negro” for its dark water due to decomposed organic matter and tannins. It is the world’s largest blackwater river. The Central Amazon Ecological Corridor, a giant protected area, surrounds it.

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Ratapani Wildlife Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh is set to become the state’s 8th tiger reserve. It covers about 3,500 sq km across Raisen, Sehore, and Bhopal districts. 1,500 sq km will be the core tiger area, with 2,000 sq km as a buffer zone. The sanctuary is home to 40 tigers, with 12 more tigers frequently moving nearby. It will boost tourism and the local economy, with increased government funding. The sanctuary hosts diverse wildlife, including over 150 bird species.

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Researchers discovered living microbes in 2-billion-year-old rock from the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC), offering insights into early Earth life and aiding the Mars life search. Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) is the largest layered igneous intrusion on Earth, located in northern South Africa, spanning over 66,000 sq. km. It holds the world’s largest reserves of platinum-group metals and other minerals like iron, chromium, and titanium. BIC is divided into eastern, western, and northern sections, formed around 2 billion years ago. The complex formed through molten rock intrusions, creating distinct mineral layers, including three platinum-rich layers.

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The Rongmei Naga Council Manipur (RNCM) opposes oil exploration in Zeilad Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamenglong district, Manipur. The sanctuary, established in 1982, is located near the Indo-Myanmar border. It covers 21 sq. km and features hilly terrain in the Barak River basin. Zeilad Wildlife Sanctuary is home to seven lakes, with Zeilad Lake being the largest and most famous.

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Chennai recently witnessed bioluminescent waves, a natural phenomenon caused by marine organisms like dinoflagellates.
These microscopic plankton emit light at night, visible on the ocean surface. Bioluminescence is common among many marine animals such as jellyfish, fish, and algae, used for evading predators, attracting prey, or mating. It occurs when the enzyme luciferase reacts with luciferin in the presence of oxygen. This phenomenon is often visible in warm weather and low light. Other beaches in India like Havelock Island, Mattu Beach, and Bangaram Island have also experienced it.

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Artisans in Andhra Pradesh are being trained to create eco-friendly products from water hyacinth, an invasive plant. This initiative, led by the Andhra Pradesh Handicrafts Development Corporation, aims to clear water bodies while providing livelihood to local artisans. The fibrous stems of water hyacinth are processed into various handicrafts such as handbags and decorative items. Water hyacinth, called Gurrapudekka in Telugu, is an invasive aquatic plant with a fibrous stem.
It is used in making handicrafts like handbags, table mats, baskets, and decorative items. The plant absorbs heavy metals and pollutants, aiding in wastewater treatment, but needs careful disposal.

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Durgesh Aranya Zoological Park in Kangra’s Dehra constituency will be India’s first IGBC-certified zoo for sustainable infrastructure. It is located in the Bankhandi area of Kangra. The park will have 34 enclosures featuring 73 species, including Asiatic lions, crocodiles, gharials, and indigenous birds. With a budget of ₹619 crore, it focuses on eco-friendly design. The zoo aims to boost tourism, create jobs, and promote eco-tourism, enhancing Kangra’s status as Himachal Pradesh’s “Tourism Capital.”

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An expert committee recommends habitat and prey improvements before designating Kumbhalgarh-Todgarh Raoli as a tiger reserve. In 2023, the Union government and National Tiger Conservation Authority gave initial approval for this tiger reserve. The proposed reserve will cover about 1,397 sq km across Rajasthan’s Rajsamand, Udaipur, Pali, Ajmer, and Sirohi districts. Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, spanning 578 sq km, includes the historic Kumbhalgarh Fort and was once royal hunting grounds. Todgarh Raoli Sanctuary, covering 495 sq km, was established in 1983 and named after British officer Colonel James Tod; it includes the ancient Raoli forest and indigenous tribes.