1. Dattopant Thengadi was associated with which of the following?
- Swadeshi Jagran Manch
- Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh
- Bharatiya Kisan Sangh.
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Only 2 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]
Notes:- Shri Dattopant Thengadi was born in the village of Arvi, Maharashtra on 10th November 1920.
- Shri Thengadi was the founder of Swadeshi Jagran Manch, Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh and Bharatiya Kisan Sangh.
- Disillusioned with both western models of development, namely capitalism and socialism, he propounded a ‘Third Way’ of socio-economic development based on the ideology of Sanatan Dharma.
2. Prime Minister, paid tributes to freedom fighter V. O. Chidambaram Pillai on his 150th birth Anniversary. Which of the following statements is/are correct about him?
- He was also known as Kappalottiya Tamizhan.
- He founded the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company in 1906.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]
Notes:- O. Chidambaram Pillai also known as Kappalottiya Tamizhan (“Tamil Helmsman”),was an Indian freedom fighter and former leader of the Indian National Congress.
- He founded the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company in 1906to compete against the monopoly of the British India Steam Navigation Company (BISNC).
3. Consider the following statements:
- It was for the first time during the Swadeshi Movement that revolutionary activists began to assassinate unpopular officials.
- V. D. Savarkar started ‘Abhinav Bharat’, a secret organisation of revolutionaries.
Which of the above is / are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 and 2
[D] None of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 2]
Notes:
The failure of both moderate and extremist leadership during the Swadeshi Movement resulted in the revolutionary terrorism. These revolutionaries did not believe that the passive nationalist could achieve the national interest. Thus, they resorted to militant activities. These revolutionary young men did not try to generate a mass movement. Instead, they decided to follow the Irish and Russian methods to take up arms and to assassinate unpopular officials. But, some events had already taken place in this direction in 1897, when the Chapekar brothers had assassinated two unpopular British officials at Poona. Thus, statement 1 is incorrect. V.D.Savarkar, an extremist leader had organized Abhinav Bharat in 1904 CE.It was a secret society of revolutionaries.So, statement 2 is correct.
4. It is believed that with the ‘Swadeshi Movement’ of 1905, Indian Freedom Struggle entered into a new phase. Which of the following factors may have contributed to this transition:
- Leadership of the national movement changed hands.
- Constitutionalism was replaced by mass-movement.
- The effects of the movement were felt across the country.
- Peasantry participated in the Swadeshi Movement on a large scale.
- People started demanding ‘Purna Swaraj’ then onwards.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 and 2
[B] Only 1, 2, and 3
[C] Only 1, 2, and 4
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 1, 2, and 3]
Notes:
During the anti-partition movement and Swadeshi Movement the leadership passed to militant nationalists like Tilak, Bipin Chandra and Aurobindo Ghosh. It happened because the early movement of protest under the Moderates had failed to yield result. So, statement 1 is correct. The Swadeshi Movement could achieve momentum after it appealed to the masses including students and women. Students in government colleges took active participation in the movement ignoring the punitive actions taken by the British-Indian government. Foreign goods were boycotted at large levels and shops selling foreign goods were picketed. Thus, statement 2 is correct. Though, the Swadeshi Movement was initiated in Bengal to oppose the partition of Bengal, soon the cry of ‘Swadeshi’ was heard in other provinces of India like Bombay, Madras and Northern India. A leading role in spreading the movement in the rest of the country was played by Tilak. So, statement 3 is correct. Swadeshi Movement was based on a purely political demand and it did not touch upon the concerns of common peasantry. Also, up to this point, politicization of peasantry had not taken place.So, statement 4 is incorrect. The goal of Purna Swaraj became popular only after the Lahore Session of Congress in 1929 CE. Thus, statement 5 is incorrect.
5. Swadeshi Movement had its genesis in the anti-partition movement which started to oppose the British decision to partition Bengal. Consider the following statements regarding Swadeshi Movement:
- The Indian National Congress took Swadeshi call at Calcutta Session and supported Swadeshi and Boycott Movement for Bengal.
- Swadeshi Movement gave impetus to the growth of indigenous industries.
- First movement in which women participated.
- Swaraj was achieved.
Which of the above is / are correct?
[A] Only 1, 2, and 3
[B] Only 2, 3, and 4
[C] Only 2 and 3
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Only 2 and 3]
Notes:
The Indian National Congress took Swadeshi call and the Banaras Session, 1905 presided over by G.K.Gokhale supported Swadeshi and Boycott Movement for Bengal. Swadeshi Movement could not achieve Swaraj.
6. The Swadeshi Movement was launched _____:
[A] With a view to improve the economic condition of the people by encouraging consumption of Indian goods
[B] As a protest against division of Bengal
[C] As a protest against the massacre of Indian people at Jallianwala Bagh
[D] Due to the failure of the British Government to introduce responsible Government in India
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [As a protest against division of Bengal]
Notes:
The Swadeshi movement, part of the Indian independence movement and the developing Indian nationalism, was an economic strategy aimed at removing the British Empire from power and improving economic conditions in India by following the principles of swadeshi (self-sufficiency), which had some success. Strategies of the Swadeshi movement involved boycotting British products and the revival of domestic products and production processes. The Swadeshi Movement started with the partition of Bengal by the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon, 1905 and continued up to 1908. This partition took effect in October 1905 and seperated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas. By doing this, British played with divide and rule policy. Bengal was reunited in 1911.
7. Swadeshi Movement was known by which name in deltaic Andhra?
[A] Freedom Movement
[B] Vande Matram Movement
[C] Anti-British Movement
[D] National Movement
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Vande Matram Movement]
Notes:
In deltaic Andhra Pradesh, the Swadeshi movement was also known as Vande Mataram movement. Students in Andhra Pradesh actively participated in the movement. the Swadeshi movement involved programmes like the boycott of government service, courts, schools and colleges and of foreign goods and stressed the promotion of swadeshi goods.
8. Swadeshi Movement started in India during ______:
[A] The protest against Rowlatt Act
[B] The Champaran Satyagrah of Gandhi
[C] The first non-co-operation movement of 1919-22
[D] Anti-Bengal Partition agitation
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Anti-Bengal Partition agitation]
Notes:
The Swadeshi movement started with the partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon in 1905. It was officially proclaimed on August 7, 1905 at the Calcutta Town Hall against the partition of Bengal by the British. Boycott movement was also launched along with the Swadeshi movement. It was the most successful of the pre-Gandhian movements.
9. In which year Swadeshi Movement started in India?
[A] 1890
[B] 1900
[C] 1905
[D] 1911
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [1905]
Notes:
Swadeshi Movement was officially proclaimed on August 7, 1905 at the Calcutta Town Hall, in Bengal. When Lord Curzon, then Viceroy of India, announced the partition of Bengal in July 1905, Indian National Congress, initiated Swadeshi movement in Bengal. Swadeshi movement was launched as a protest movement which also gave a lead to the Boycott movement in the country.
10. What is considered as the fueling major cause of Swadeshi Movement?
[A] Funding for police and railways instead of women education
[B] The decision to divide Bengal
[C] Calcutta Corporation Act of 1899
[D] Punjab land alienation Act of 1900
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [The decision to divide Bengal ]
Notes:
Major cause of Swadeshi movement can be attributed to the partition of Bengal in 1905 which was seen by the Indian nationalist as a divisionary tactics of Britishers to weaken the Bengali (Bhadralok) intelligentsia class which was seen as a cradle of Indian resistance.
