The Ho tribe of Jharkhand launched a massive revolt in 1820–21 against British colonial authorities in West Singhbhum. The uprising was led by the Raja of Parahat to oppose British occupation and exploitation. The revolt disrupted tribal autonomy and lasted until 1827. This was the first major Ho resistance against British forces. Subsequent tribal uprisings included the Kol uprising from 1831–33, involving Mundas against British thikadars. The British established the Kolhan Government Estate in 1837 following these conflicts.
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