Badgirs and Qanats

July 26, 2023

Yazd, a mesmerizing ancient city in central Iran, boasts fascinating architectural wonders that have stood the test of time. Among these are the renowned wind catchers, called “badgirs” in Persian, and the traditional water system known as “qanats.”

The Enchanting Badgirs of Yazd

Badgirs, the iconic wind catchers of Yazd, play a pivotal role in providing thermal comfort to the city’s inhabitants amidst soaring temperatures that often exceed 40 degrees Celsius (104 Fahrenheit) during summer. These ingeniously designed structures have fascinated historians and architects for centuries.

  1. The Significance of Badgirs: For centuries, before the advent of electricity, badgirs offered a cooling solution for dwellings in Yazd. They pull fresh air into buildings while facilitating the ventilation of hot air through large vertical slots, creating a natural cooling effect that brings comfort to the residents.
  2. An Ancient Heritage: The city boasts a staggering number of 700 wind catchers, with the oldest one dating back to the 14th century. It is believed that these architectural wonders originated over 2,500 years ago during the rule of the Persian Empire, showcasing their enduring legacy.
  3. The Tallest Badgir in the World: Dowlatabad garden proudly houses one of the world’s tallest wind catchers, towering at an impressive height of 33 meters (100 feet). These remarkable structures serve as a testament to the ingenious bioclimatic architecture of Yazd.

Unearthing the Secrets of Qanats

In addition to badgirs, Yazd’s remarkable water system of underground aqueducts, known as qanats, has been vital for the city’s survival in the arid desert climate.

  1. Water Source and Cooling Method: Qanats transport water from underground wells, aquifers, or mountains, providing a crucial water supply and cooling dwellings to maintain an ideal temperature. The traditional system has played a significant role in supporting life in Yazd for thousands of years.
  2. Decline in Qanats: Despite their historical importance, qanats have experienced a decline in recent times, with approximately 33,000 operational qanats estimated to be in use today, compared to 50,000 in the mid-20th century. The primary reason for this decline is the drying up of underground water sources due to overconsumption.
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