Q. With reference to soil conservation, consider the following practices :

1. Crop rotation
2. Sand fences
3. Terracing
4. Wind breaks

Which of the above are considered appropriate methods for soil conservation in India? (UPSC Prelims 2010)
Answer: 1, 2, 3 and 4
Notes: All four practices are recognized soil conservation methods in India. Crop rotation maintains soil fertility and reduces erosion by alternating crops. Sand fences trap wind-blown sand in arid regions like Rajasthan, preventing dune movement. Terracing controls runoff on slopes, widely used in hilly areas like the Himalayas and Western Ghats. Wind breaks (tree shelterbelts) reduce wind erosion in drylands and are promoted under programs like National Afforestation. These techniques address diverse erosion challenges across India effectively.