Q. Who led the Ulgulan movement against British colonial rule? (JSSC Motor Vehicle Inspector Examination–2016)
Answer: Birsa Munda
Notes: Birsa Munda led the Ulgulan (Great Rebellion) in 1899 against British colonial rule. He mobilized tribal communities in Jharkhand, especially the Munda tribe, to protest land rights violations and British oppression. The movement aimed to restore self-rule known as "Abua Raj." It spread through districts like Khunti, Tamar, Basia, and Ranchi. Birsa Munda was born on November 15, 1875, and became an important tribal leader in the late 19th century Jharkhand.