Q. Which process breaks heavy hydrocarbons into gasoline and LPG fractions?
Answer: Catalytic cracking
Notes: Catalytic cracking uses a catalyst and heat to break large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller fractions such as gasoline and LPG. Fluid catalytic cracking units were introduced in 1942. Most refineries worldwide use this process to increase production of lighter, high-value fuels. Catalytic cracking increases gasoline yield compared to thermal processes. It also produces valuable by-products like propylene for the petrochemical industry.