Q. Which of the following was/were important symbols of medieval European feudalism?

1. Fiefdom
2. Manor
3. Serfs

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Answer: 1, 2 & 3
Notes: In the medieval Europe, feudalism was the prevalent socio-political system. Basically, the King recognised a chief providing certain services for him in return. The King administered an oath of loyalty to the chiefs and in turn, recognised his domination over a certain area, known as the fief of that feudal lord. On a fief, the feudal lord had the effective control over all the resources including people living in that area. The other important feature of the feudalism was the system of manor. The manor was the house or castle where the feudal lord lived. In many European countries, a large tract of land was owned by the lords of these manors. A part of the land was cultivated by the lord directly with the help of his serfs who had to divide time between cultivating their own land and the fields of their master. A serf was a peasant who worked on the land. He could not change his profession, migrate to any other area or marry without permission of his lord. The land theoretically belonged to the lord and the serf had to pay him dues in cash and kind.